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- Abstract：To deeply understand and strategically lay out the development strategy for new quality productive forces in agriculture， this study focuses on the demand for developing new-quality agricultural productivity based on Chinese agricultural conditions. It elaborates on the significant implications of developing new-quality agricultural productivity for ensuring the foundation of national food security at a higher level in all aspects， addressing challenges in global agricultural trade， and achieving modernization of agriculture with Chinese characteristics. This study also sorts out the connotation of new-quality agricultural productivity， which is an advanced productive force that drives high-quality agricultural development through innovative breakthroughs in agricultural science and technology， innovative allocation of agricultural production factors， and innovative transformation of the agricultural industry， with the premise of ensuring the bottom line of national food and major agricultural product supply security， the core of modern agricultural scientific and technological innovation， the key of transformation of agricultural development patterns， and the goal of improving the total factor productivity of agriculture. Furthermore， this study proposes the ideas and principles for developing new-quality agricultural productivity， and clarifies the five major tasks of developing new-quality agricultural productivity， namely， accelerating breakthroughs in agricultural science and technology innovation， promoting the integrated development of scientific and technological innovation and industry， promoting the reform of innovative allocation of production factors， cultivating and developing green agricultural productivity， and cultivating and strengthening the modern agricultural talent team. By constructing a strategic task framework that is both systematic and tailored to the unique characteristics of the agricultural industry for developing new quality productive forces in agriculture， this study aims to provide ideas and references for the development of new-quality agricultural productivity in China.Keywords：strong agricultural country;new quality productive forces;connotation and characteristics;development approaches;key strategies207|129|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-10-21
- Abstract：To clarify the mechanism by which new quality productive forces in agriculture enhances grain yield per unit area， this study empirically examined the effects， mediation mechanisms， and threshold characteristics of new quality agricultural productivity on grain yield per unit based on panel data from 30 provinces in China from 2006 to 2022. The results indicated that： 1） New quality productive forces in agriculture play a significant role in boosting grain yield per unit area， and this positive effect is particularly salient in the central-western regions and primary grain-producing areas. 2） New quality productive forces in agriculture indirectly increased grain yield per unit through improving the level of agricultural mechanization. 3） The impact of new quality productive forces in agriculture on the grain yield per unit area has thresholds for scale of per capita grain planting in rural areas and rural human capital. When the cale of per capita grain planting in rural areas exceeds 0.365 hectares or the average years of education among rural residents exceeds 8.562 years， the effect of new quality productive forces in agriculture on increasing grain yield per unit is stronger. Based on these findings， efforts should be made to vigorously develop new quality productive forces in agriculture， advance full-process mechanization in grain production， promote appropriately scaled grain operations， and cultivate high-quality grain production entities， thereby fully unlocking the potential of new quality productive forces in agriculture to increase grain output.Keywords：new quality productive forces in agriculture;grain yield per unit area;mediating effect;threshold effect127|38|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-10-21
- Abstract：To explore the research status， clarify the evolutionary context， and pinpoint research trends and blind spots in the study of new quality productive forces in agriculture， this research employed CiteSpace software to conduct a visual analysis of 672 relevant publications from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI） database from 2023 to 2025 by drawing knowledge graphs. Through keyword co-occurrence analysis， clustering analysis， and authors and research institutions analysis， the research identified themes， gaps， and dynamic trends in the study of new quality productive forces in agriculture. The findings indicated that： 1） The number of publications in the field of new quality productive forces in agriculture has demonstrated a steady upward trend， with 2 papers published in 2023， increasing to 320 in 2024， and reaching 350 as of July 17， 2025. 2） The research content is undergoing a three-stage envolution “value implication-theoretical connotation-measurement practice”. Current research hotspots focused on rural revitalization， technological innovation， and the strengthening of the agricultural sector. 3） Research achievements on new quality productive forces in agriculture are abundant， yet a stable academic cluster has not yet formed， and the collaboration among scholars， institutions， and regions remains limited and needed to be further strengthened. 4） In the current development of new quality productive forces in agriculture， several challenges are hindering the healthy advancement of technology， including obstacles in the application and promotion of emerging technologies， unclear property rights definitions， and a disconnect between technological research and institutional frameworks. This study argues that future research and development of new quality productive forces in agriculture must transcend the fragmented technology-institution perspective， strengthen the integration of technological innovation and institutional development， accelerate the construction of a scientific theoretical system， move beyond efficiency-centered views of technology， address blind spots in intergenerational and power perspectives， reflect on the neglect of group-specific viewpoints in agricultural development， further narrow regional disparities in technological advancement， and promote the coordinated high-quality development of both research and practice in this domain.Keywords：new quality productive forces in agriculture;CiteSpace;research trends;critical thinking95|34|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-10-21
- Abstract：To screen for elite soybean parental lines characterized by a ‘low saturated and high unsaturated fatty acid’ profile，a total of 419 hybrid soybean parental germplasm accessions harvested continuously from 2021 to 2023 were used as research objects. Near-infrared spectroscopy was used to determine the oil content and five fatty acid components （palmitic acid， stearic acid， oleic acid， linoleic acid， and linolenic acid）. The coefficient of variation analysis， principal component analysis， hierarchical cluster analysis， best linear unbiased prediction， and fuzzy function method were applied to conduct diversity evaluation， comprehensive scoring， and germplasm screening for six oil quality traits. The results showed that the tested population exhibited rich genetic diversity. stearic acid had the highest coefficient of variation （27.60%-43.95%）， while linoleic acid content was the most stable （CV<5%）. Except for oleic acid and linolenic acid， other traits exhibited significant geographical differences， among which germplasms from Jilin Province showed traits of ‘high oil content， low saturated， and high unsaturated fatty acid’. The palmitic acid and stearic acid contents in soybean seeds were extremely significantly positively correlated with oleic acid content， and extremely significantly negatively correlated with linoleic acid and linolenic acid contents. Oil content was significantly negatively correlated with palmitic acid content. Hierarchical clustering divided the 419 germplasms into four groups. Group III possessed significant characteristics of “high linoleic acid， high linolenic acid， and low saturated fatty acids” and contained 95 materials. The BLUP analysis revealed significant differentiation into multiple subgroups for palmitic acid， stearic acid， and linolenic acid traits within the population. The cumulative contribution rate of the first two principal components extracted by principal component analysis reached 65.71%. Based on the PCA comprehensive model and fuzzy function scoring， five excellent restorer lines， including ‘JLR34’， ‘JLR51’， ‘JLR492’， ‘JLR299’， and ‘JLR352’， and five excellent maintainer lines， including ‘JLCMS21B’， ‘JLCMS224B’， ‘JLCMS176B’， ‘JLCMS48B’， and ‘JLCMS425B’， were identified. Belonging to Group III and showing excellent comprehensive performance， the ten identified germplasms represent core genetic resources for the quality improvement of hybrid soybeans to achieve the ‘low saturated and high unsaturated fatty acid’ objective.Keywords：soybean;oil quality;correlation analysis;principal component analysis;cluster analysis143|39|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-10-21
- Abstract：To identify salt‑tolerant soybean germplasm and establish a multi‑dimensional evaluation system for the assessment of seedling‑stage salt tolerance， 40 soybean accessions from Northwest China were taken as study materials. Seedlings were subjected to 200 mmol/L NaCl using a vermiculite‑based culture method. Six plant‑morphological traits （stem length， shoot/root fresh and dry weight， salt‑tolerance index）， seven root‑architecture parameters （root number， root‑tip number， total root length， root diameter， projected root area， root surface area， root volume）， and ten physiological indices （SPAD， relative electrical conductivity， POD， CAT， SOD activities， H₂O₂， MDA， proline， soluble sugar， soluble protein content） were measured. Principal component analysis reduced and integrated the above indicators to six independent comprehensive indicators. Combined with correlation analysis， membership-function analysis， and D-value comprehensive evaluation， a salt‑tolerance assessment model was developed， and salt-tolerant germplasm resources were screened. The results showed that the six principal components， covering 23 traits across morphological， structural， and physiological dimensions， with a cumulative contribution rate of 81.05%. The linear regression model for the comprehensive salt‑tolerance index was established as follows： D=0.312+0.072x1-0.062x2+0.139x4+0.074x6-0.115x8+0.047x11+0.060x16+0.042x20+0.158x22 （R²=0.993，P<0.001）. A total of nine key indicators for multi‑dimensional salt‑tolerance evaluation： SPAD， relative electrical conductivity， shoot fresh weight， root fresh weight， salt‑tolerance index， POD activity， soluble protein content， root diameter， and root surface area. Cluster analysis classified the accessions into four groups： Salt‑tolerant， moderately salt‑tolerant， moderately salt‑sensitive， and salt‑sensitive. An integrated “plant morphology-root architecture-physiological response” multi‑dimensional evaluation system was thus constructed. This system enables systematic assessment and precise classification of soybean seedling-stage salt tolerance， and its effectiveness was validated by the identification of 8 elite salt‑tolerant accessions： ‘Ningdou 10’， ‘Ningdou 18’， ‘Fen 90024’， ‘Ninghuang 8’， ‘Ninghuang 7’， ‘Ningdou 11’， ‘Ningjingdou 7’， and ‘Gaodai 1220’.Keywords：soybean;salt tolerance;root morphology;physiological indicators;comprehensive evaluation393|84|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-10-21
- Abstract：To investigate the effects of full film mulching with micro-ridge-furrow hill-drop-sowing on soil hydrothermal conditions and foxtail millet （Setaria italica） yield in the hilly loess region， three planting patterns were established： Conventional plastic film mulching with full micro-ridge-furrow hole-sowing （PF）， biodegradable film mulching with full micro-ridge-furrow hole-sowing （DF）， and flat planting without mulching （CK）. This study assessed changes in soil moisture and temperature within the plough layer， yield， and yield components of foxtail millet. The interrelationship between yield and soil water-heat conditions， as well as its associated economic benefits， were analyzed. The results showed that full film mulching with micro-ridge-furrow sowing （PF and DF） effectively improved the hydrothermal environment of the millet topsoil. Compared with CK， PF and DF increased the average soil temperature at 10 and 20 cm depths by 1.8 and 0.6 ℃， respectively. The soil water storage in the 0-60 cm layer during the entire growth period increased by 5.7%-35.5% and 1.0%-42.7% under PF and DF， respectively. PF and DF significantly increased grain yield by 15.3% and 8.6% （P<0.05）， respectively. The number of panicles per unit area and the 1 000-grain weight increased by 23.1% and 26.3% under PF， and 11.8% and 5.9% under DF， respectively. Grain water use efficiency increased by 8.6% and 6.7%， and rainfall use efficiency increased by 15.3% and 8.6% under PF and DF， respectively. The full film mulching with micro-ridge-furrow hole-sowing pattern demonstrated cost-saving and efficiency-enhancing effects. In 2024， PF and DF increased net income by 3 412.8 and 2 258.5 yuan/hm2， respectively， compared with those of CK. In conclusion， the full film mulching combined with micro-ridge-furrow hill-drop-sowing pattern can effectively improve soil hydrothermal conditions， enhance foxtail millet yield and water use efficiency， and increase economic returns. The conventional plastic film mulching with full micro-ridge-furrow sowing showed superior effects compared to the biodegradable film mulching. However， from the perspective of controlling farmland plastic film pollution， the biodegradable film mulching combined with micro-ridge-furrow and hill-drop sowing pattern is recommended in loess hilly dry farming region.Keywords：loess hilly dry farming region;foxtail millet;full film mulching micro ridge-furrow sowing;soil hydrothermal;yield77|28|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-10-21
- Abstract：To select suitable oat varieties in the moderately saline-alkali land of the Yellow River Delta，five oat varieties introduced from abroad， namely ‘Baler 2’， ‘Haymaker’， ‘Forage’， ‘Challenge’ and ‘Morton’， were studied as experimental materials. A completely randomized block design was adopted with three replicates for each variety， totaling of 15 plots. The production performance， agronomic traits， and nutritional quality of each variety were measured. Correlation analysis was conducted among these indicators. Principal component analysis and grey relational analysis were used to comprehensively evaluate the tested oat varieties. The results showed that： 1）The fresh yields of ‘Haymaker’ and‘ Challenger’ were 14 700 and 21 133 kg/hm2， hay yields were 4 219 and 5 709 kg/hm2， and plant heights were 67.37 and 70.73 cm， respectively. Meanwhile， leaf proportions of ‘Forage’ and ‘Haymaker’ were 30.65% and 33.31%， and the spike proportions were 32.41% and 35.45%. 2） The neutral detergent fiber contents of ‘Haymaker’ and ‘Forage’ were 49.53 and 54.28 g/100 g， respectively， acid detergent fiber contents were 23.61 and 27.23 g/100 g， respectively. The crude protein and total digestible nutrients contents of ‘Haymaker’ were 12.77 and 64.46 g/100 g， respectively， and relative feeding value was 133.35， which were higher than other varieties. 3） Correlation analysis showed that fresh yield and hay yield were significantly positively correlated with plant height and stem proportion， while leaf proportion was significantly negatively correlated with hay yield. Dry matter， neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber were significantly negatively correlated with leaf proportion and leaf to stem ratio. Total digestible nutrients and relative feeding value were significantly positively correlated with leaf proportion， leaf to stem ratio， and crude protein， and significantly negatively correlated with dry matter， neutral detergent fiber， and acid detergent fiber. 4） The results of principal component analysis and grey relational analysis indicated that ‘Challenger’， ‘Haymaker’， and ‘Morton’ ranked as the top three varieties. In conclusion， the production performance， nutritional quality and other indicators of ‘Challenger’and ‘Haymaker’ outperformed other tested varieties， and the over performance in the moderately saline-alkaline land of the Yellow River Delta is better than that of other varieties， showing great potential for widespread planting.Keywords：moderately saline-alkali land;oats;production performance;nutritional quality;comprehensive evaluation55|23|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-10-21
- Abstract：This study aimed to establish a reliable mathematical model for evaluating dehydration tolerance in cut flowers and to identify key associated indicators. Eleven cut rose cultivars were subjected to gradient dehydration treatments. The dehydration time， maximum opening grade， and vase life of cut flowers under different dehydration levels were observed. A comprehensive evaluation of dehydration tolerance was performed by combining principal component analysis and the membership function method. Meanwhile， the water loss rate and dry weight proportion of different flower parts were measured， and their correlations with dehydration tolerance were analyzed. The results showed that： 1）When the water loss was less than 20%， cut roses could still open normally and maintain a vase life of over one week，but there were significant differences in dehydration tolerance. 2）Based on the comprehensive evaluation value （D）， the cultivars were classified into four grades： extremely tolerant （‘Marina’， ‘Fei Cui Rong’， ‘Fei Yun’）， highly tolerant （‘Qing Liang Xia Ri’， ‘Bing Cha’， ‘Yu Chong Lou’， ‘Mandala’）， moderately tolerant （‘Lang Man Shan Hu’， ‘Jia Ren Xiao’， ‘Peach Avalanche’）， and poorly tolerant （‘O’Hara’）. 3） Correlation analysis showed that the dry weight proportion of flower heads and leaves were correlated with dehydration tolerance， with correlation coefficients above 0.5. In conclusion， the principal component and membership function methods proved effective for the quantitative evaluation and grading of dehydration tolerance in cut roses， with the dry weight proportion of flower heads and leaves serving as screening indicators for breeding dehydration-tolerant cultivars. This study provides a practical quantitative evaluation system and efficient screening indicators for breeding dehydration-tolerant cut rose cultivars.Keywords：cut roses;dehydration tolerance;principal component analysis;comprehensive evaluation;related indicators66|21|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-10-21
- Abstract：This study aimed to identify superior new sweet cherry cultivars suitable for cultivation and promotion in the 13th Division of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps. Five introduced sweet cherry cultivars， ‘Kordia’， ‘Santina’， ‘Regina’， ‘Russia No. 8’（‘Hanxiang’）， and ‘Tamara’ were evaluated based on phenological phase， agronomic traits， disease incidence， photosynthetic characteristics， and fruit quality， followed by a comprehensive assessment of their overall performance. The results showed that： There were significant differences in phenological phase， agronomic traits， disease resistance， photosynthetic characteristics， and fruit quality. ‘Tamara’ and ‘Russia No. 8’ exhibited vigorous growth and high survival rate. ‘Regina’， ‘Santina’， and ‘Russia No. 8’ demonstrated significant advantages in photosynthetic efficiency and water use efficiency. ‘Russia No. 8’ and ‘Santina’ showed superior overall performance in fruit economic traits， and the soluble solids to titratable acidity ratio of ‘Tamara’ was 22.863， indicating the best flavor and taste quality. Correlation analysis showed that fruit diameter exhibited a highly significant positive correlation with individual fruit weight （P<0.001）； soluble solids content showed a highly significant positive correlation with total sugar content （P<0.001）. Fruit firmness exhibited a significant positively correlation with the soluble solids to titratable acidity ratio （P<0.05）. There was a significant negative correlation between tree height and trunk thickness， north-south canopy spread， and new shoot length （P<0.05）. There were significant correlations between growth indicators and fruit quality traits， with a significant positive correlation between dry thickness and fruit diameter （P<0.05）， and a significant positive correlation between tree height and fruit shape index （P<0.05）. Comprehensive evaluation indicated that ‘Regina’ achieved the highest overall score， demonstrating strong adaptability， high photosynthetic efficiency， and excellent fruit quality， making it a superior cultivar suitable for regional promotion. ‘Tamara’ and ‘Russian No. 8’ ranked second in overall performance， characterized by vigorous growth， relatively strong adaptability， and favorable agronomic traits， and can be recommended as high-quality complementary cultivars for fresh consumption. The findings of this study provide a theoretical basis for selecting and promoting high-quality cultivars suitable for cultivation in Xinjiang and similar ecological regions.Keywords：Xinjiang;sweet cherry;protected cultivation;principal component analysis51|27|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-10-21
- Abstract：To enhance the tuber yield and quality of potatoes in plant factories and explore the optimal light intensity for potato production under a combined red- blue-green composite light environment， LED light， two potato cultivars， ‘Favorite’ and ‘Zhongshu No. 3’were selected as experimental materials. Four different light intensity treatments were as follows： 200 μmol/（m2·s） （T200）， 300 μmol/（m2·s） （T300）， 400 μmol/（m2·s） （T400）， and 500 μmol/（m2·s） （T500）. The results showed that： 1） The maximum weight of potato tubers per plant for for ‘Favorita’ and ‘Zhongshu No.3’ were achieved under treatments T400 and T500 treatment， respectively， which were 4.4 and 12.5 times higher than those under treatment T200； 2） Under treatment T500， both ‘Favorita’ and ‘Zhongshu No. 3’ reached their highest marketable tuber rates per plant， which were 90.0% and 86.0% respectively； 3） The dry matter accumulation of plants with ‘Favorita’ and ‘Zhongshu No. 3’ was highest in T300 and T500 treatments， respectively， with an increase of 10.0% to 50.0% compared to other treatments； 4） The starch concentration in tubers of both varieties was highest under T300， with an increase of 28.4% and 20.0% respectively compared to the T200 treatment， respectively. Regarding tuber yield， ‘Favorita‘ and ‘Zhongshu No. 3’ achieved the highest yields under 400 μmol/（m²·s） and 500 μmol/（m²·s）， respectively. However， in terms of tuber starch accumulation， 300 μmol/（m2·s） was considered optimal for improving tuber quality in plant factories. The findings can provide insights for the effects of light intensity on potato growth， yield， and nutrient accumulation， and also provide theoretical and technical support for optimizing and regulating the light environment for efficient potato production in plant factories.Keywords：light intensity;Solanum tuberosum L.;growth morphology;yield;quality;starch44|18|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-10-21
- Abstract：To evaluate the effectiveness of multi-source remote sensing features fusion for estimating rice leaf chlorophyll content， this study selected the japonica rice cultivar ‘Nangeng46’ as the research object. Unmanned Aerial Vehicle （UAV） multispectral images were collected and rice leaf chlorophyll content was determined at four key phenological stages of rice： the tillering stage， jointing-booting stage， heading stage， and grain-filling stage. Four original spectral bands， 42 multispectral vegetation indices， and 1 104 texture features were extracted. Their relationships with rice leaf chlorophyll content were analyzed. Three modeling algorithms， Partial least squares regression （PLSR）， Particle swarm optimization-support vector machine （PSO-SVM）， and Multilayer perceptron （MLP）， were employed to evaluate the application performance of multi-source remote sensing features in estimating rice leaf chlorophyll content. The results showed that the original band， vegetation index， and texture feature having the highest mutual information with rice leaf chlorophyll content were 650 nm， MCARI and RDTI_1， with mutual information values of 0.40， 0.39， and 0.21， respectively. Compared with using vegetation indices alone， the fusion of texture features and vegetation indices improved the coefficient of determination R² by 0.121 2， reduced the root mean square error RMSE by 0.291 5 μg/cm²， decreased the mean absolute error MAE by 0.111 5 μg/cm²， and increased the relative prediction deviation （RPD） by 0.375 5. The PSO-SVM algorithm outperformed PLSR and MLP， with the optimal model achieving an R² of 0.755 8， RMSE of 2.978 4 μg/cm²， MAE of 2.199 9 μg/cm²， and RPD of 2.0582， respectively. The UAV-derived spatial distribution maps of rice leaf chlorophyll content exhibited an increasing-then-decreasing pattern across the four phenological stages， reflecting the spatiotemporal dynamics of leaf chlorophyll associated with changes in photosynthetic activity and nutrient allocation during rice growth. Overall， the results demonstrate that fusing multi-source remote sensing features effective estimates rice leaf chlorophyll content and enables high-resolution spatial mapping during key growth stages， thereby providing a reliable basis for precise nitrogen fertilizer management in paddy fields.Keywords：unmanned aerial vehicle;multispectral;rice;chlorophyll;vegetation index;texture feature56|22|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-10-21
- Abstract：To develope high-accuracy models for foxtail millet plant height remote monitoring， this study used foxtail millet variety ‘Jingu 21 hao’ as the test material. Canopy hyperspectral data were collected with an ASD FieldSpec spectrometer， and corresponding plant height measurements were taken simultaneously. Five spectral preprocessing methods-including first derivative， second derivative， standard normal variate， multiplicative scatter correction， and Savitzky-Golay smoothing-were applied to the original reflectance （R） data. This study then combined vegetation indices， characteristic wavelengths， and full-band data with four machine learning algorithms to explore their correlations with plant height and construct a monitoring model. The results showed that the optimal vegetation index （NPQI） correlated with plant height at a coefficient of -0.718. Among the four machine learning models developed， the 2ST-PLS model （R²=0.850， RMSE=6.655 cm， RPD=2.187）， based on full-spectrum data across all growth stages， and the PLS model （R²=0.840， RMSE=6.102 cm， RPD=2.385） exhibited strong predictive capability. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using spectral techniques for monitoring foxtail millet plant height and provides a methodological basis for its precise， rapid， and non-destructive estimation.Keywords：foxtail millet;hyperspectra;plant height;machine learning methods;characteristic wavelengths;full-band56|20|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-10-21
- Abstract：To systematically elucidates the research and development status and industrial innovation trends of Trichoderma harzianum and clarify its strategic importance in modern agriculture， bibliometric approach was employed in this study. Published papers on T. harzianum in the Web of Science （WOS） core collection and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI） database were retrived by using “Trichoderma harzianumas” as the keyword. The patents information and fertilizer registration data were also analyzed based on the data from the China National Intellectual Property Administration and Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China， respectively. The spatio-temporal distribution and primary research regions of the publications were summarized， and the research hotspots， industrial commercialization landscape， and future development trends of T. harzianum microbial fertilizers were explored. The results indicate that a total of 504 T. harzianum fertilizer products are registered in China， accounting for 49.6% of all fungal agents. They are primarily applied to horticultural crops. Products with a viable count of less than or equal to 2×108 CFU/g constitute 45.7% of the total fungal biofertilizer products. The distribution of enterprises producing T. harzianum microbial fertilizers exhibits a geographical imbalance， and more enterprises are located in the northern and eastern regions of China. Bibliometric analysis revealed 13 189 English journal articles since 1969， and the most of the publications focus on agronomy， chemistry， and biotechnology. Asia and Europe are the dual core of global research center of T. harzianum research， and India， China， the USA， and Brazil are the main contributing countries in the world. There are 518 Chinese-language journal articles of T. harzianum， which mainly focus on plant protection and horticulture， and the research mainly located in Shandong and Hunan province. Furthermore， 505 related patents were granted in the Chinese Mainland since 2006， among which， 80% of them issued after 2016. Patent technologies mainly focus on four topics： microorganisms and enzymes， microbial detection methods， plant growth regulators， and insecticides. Patentees are predominantly located in Shandong， Beijing， and Guangdong province. In summary， the research and industrialization of T. harzianum are fast-growing in China， although there are still issues such as narrowing of research fields and uneven regional development of the T. harzianum. Future efforts should be focused on strengthening T. harzianum strain development， optimizing production processes， and innovating application technologies. The innovation products should be developed for emerging markets， such as soil remediation and organic material composting. The application of T. harzianum will support the high-quality development of green agriculture.Keywords：Trichoderma harzianum;microbial fertilizer;bibliometrics;research status;patent73|25|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-10-21
- Abstract：To address the increasing annual generation of high-carbon rural organic waste and the current issues of low resource utilization efficiency and inadequate harmless treatment， this study used kitchen waste as a supplementary material for high-carbon agricultural and forestry waste （grass clippings， branches， leaves， etc.） in aerobic composting experiments. By combining the analysis of physicochemical indicators and dynamic gas emissions during composting， this study investigated the regulatory effects of multi-stage compound microbial inoculants on physicochemical properties， humification process， and pollutant gas emissions during composting. The results showed that kitchen waste as a supplementary material effectively promoted the humification process of high-carbon agricultural and forestry waste. Multi-stage microbial inoculation increased the compost temperature， shortened the composting cycle to 7 days （with a seed germination index exceeding 70%）. Additionally， and reduced the emissions of CO₂， N₂O， NH₃， H₂S， and other pollutant gases during composting. The comprehensive odor activity value decreased by 82.78%， total greenhouse gas emissions decreased by 14.80%， and the humification rate increased by 67.05%， significantly surpassing the performance of uninoculated co-treatment. Therefore， the synergistic composting of high-carbon agricultural and forestry waste with kitchen waste facilitates efficient maturation and low-carbon transformation of rural organic waste， while microbial inoculation further optimizes the composting process and reduces pollutant gas emissions.Keywords：high-carbon agricultural and forestry residues;bacterial inoculation technology;kitchen waste;polluting gases;humification40|22|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-10-21
- Abstract：This study aimed to investigate the effects of replacing soybean meal in the diet with slow-release urea （SRU） at an isonitrogenous level on the growth performance， rumen fermentation， nitrogen metabolism， and rumen microbial community structure of beef cattle. A total of 18 healthy Simmental bulls （18-19 months old， weighing （642.90 ± 15.79） kg） were randomly assigned to three groups， with six replicates per group and one bull per replicate， where the control group（CON） was fed a basal diet， while the low-dose SRU group （LSRU） and high-dose SRU group （HSRU） were provided with experimental diets formulated to be isoenergetic and isonitrogenous by replacing soybean meal with 0.36% and 0.72% SRU respectively. A 14-day adaptation period and a 60-day formal trial period were implemented. On the final day of the trial， rumen fluid samples were collected before the morning feeding to determine rumen fermentation parameters and rumen microbial communities. Subsequent to the formal trial， a 5-day digestion and metabolism experiment was conducted， where the total feces and urine collection method was adopted to measure nitrogen metabolism indices of beef cattle. The results showed that： 1） Dietary supplementation with two doses of slow-release urea did not significantly alter the productive performance of beef cattle （P>0.05）. but there was an increasing trend in daily weight gain （ADG） in the LSRU group（P=0.058）. 2） Supplementation with slow-release urea at both doses led to a significant increase in ruminal ammonia nitrogen （NH3-N； P=0.004） and microbial crude protein （MCP； P=0.050） concentrations. 3） Both doses improved nitrogen digestibility （P=0.018） and showed a tendency to reduce fecal nitrogen excretion （P=0.075）， while the LSRU group can avoid the significant increase in urinary nitrogen caused by the HSRU group （P=0.021）. 4） Microbiome analysis revealed that the HSRU group had significantly higher ACE and Chao1 indices than the CON and LSRU groups （P=0.020）， and the abundance of Bacteroidetes in the HSRU group was significantly reduced（P<0.001）， while the abundance of Firmicutes（P=0.003） was significantly increased. At the genus level， the abundance of Unclassified F082 was substantially lower （P<0.001）， whereas Ruminococcaceae UCG_011 was significantly enriched （P=0.003） in the HSRU group. In conclusion， appropriate supplementation of slow-release urea in beef cattle effectively promotes ruminal microbial protein synthesis， improves dietary nitrogen digestibility， and enhances daily weight gain without disrupting the structure of the rumen microbial community. However， the high-level supplementation increased ruminal ammonia‑N concentration， microbial protein yield， and the abundance of fiber‑degrading bacteria. The abundance of core bacteria phyla and genera changed， but daily weight gain decreased and urinary nitrogen excretion significantly increased. Therefore， the suitable inclusion level of slow-release urea during the finishing phase of beef cattle is recommended to be 0.36% of the diet.Keywords：slow-release urea;beef cattle;rumen microbiota;rumen fermentation;production performance52|21|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-10-21
Effect of acute sever hypoxia on the growth and mitochondrial function of the mouse liver fibroblasts AI Introduction
Abstract：To investigate the mechanisms of hypoxia-induced cellular injury， mouse liver fibroblasts were exposed to three representative high-altitude hypoxic conditions， including 11% O2 representing mild hypoxia， 5% O2 representing moderate hypoxia， and 1% O2 representing severe hypoxia. Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay， ultrastructural changes were examined by transmission electron microscopy， intracellular oxidative stress was evaluated by ROS fluorescent probing， and mitochondrial membrane potential was assessed by JC-1 staining. In addition， RT-qPCR and Western blot were performed to determine the transcriptional and protein expression levels of genes related to mitochondrial function and apoptosis. Compared with the normoxic control group （21% O2）， 11% O2 treatment caused no obvious changes in cell density or morphology， and cell viability showed a time-dependent increasing trend without statistical significance （P>0.05）， whereas 5% and 1% O2 treatments induced marked morphological alterations. Under 1% O2 exposure， cell viability did not differ significantly from the normoxic control at 24 h （P>0.05） but declined sharply at 48 h and 72 h （P<0.001）， reaching the lowest level at 72 h. This reduction was accompanied by increased ROS accumulation， loss of mitochondrial membrane potential， and pronounced mitochondrial ultrastructural damage， including mitochondrial swelling and cristae disruption. Furthermore， after 72 h of 1% O2 treatment， the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio was significantly increased at both mRNA and protein levels （P<0.05）， while the mitochondrial fission-related gene Drp1 was significantly downregulated at both transcriptional and protein levels （P<0.05）. Collectively， severe hypoxia at 1% O2 impaired mitochondrial integrity and function， promoted apoptosis， and reduced cell viability， indicating that profound hypoxia induces hypoxia-associated injury in mouse liver fibroblasts.Keywords：sever hypoxia;cell viability;mitochondrion;apoptosis;liver fibroblast cells46|20|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-10-21- Abstract：To analyze the differences in the thermal environment and energy-use characteristics of livestock and poultry housing in different climate zones， an Ecotect model was established for a typical broiler house located in Yuncheng District， Yunfu， Guangdong Province. Outdoor meteorological conditions， indoor sensible heat gains， and envelope thermophysical properties were incorporated as inputs. Monthly energy simulations were then performed for five representative Chinese climate zones （severe cold， cold， hot summer–cold winter， hot summer–warm winter， and mild）， using Harbin， Beijing， Wuhan， Guangzhou， and Kunming as representative cities. The results show that： 1）There are significant differences in the annual energy consumption distribution and trend of chickens coops in different climate zones. Heating is mainly used in cold regions during winter， with Harbin having a heating period of up to seven months and a peak heating demand of 168 279.1 kWh in January， while Beijing still has cooling demand in winter； the other regions are dominated by cooling throughout the year. 2）The peak energy consumption for cooling throughout the year is ranked as follows： Guangzhou， Wuhan， Beijing， Harbin， and Kunming. Among them， Kunming has relatively stable annual energy consumption with the lowest peak value， whereas Harbin and Beijing exhibit larger energy consumption fluctuations， especially with higher cooling energy consumption in July. 3）In terms of total annual energy consumption， Guangzhou has the highest total energy consumption， reaching 2 701 703.2 kWh. The reductions relative to Guangzhou are 61.2% （Harbin）， 40.5% （Beijing）， 24.8% （Wuhan）， and 29.2% （Kunming）， respectively. 4）In addition， there are differences in the timing of peak cooling energy consumption among regions： Kunming in June， Guangzhou in July， and Wuhan in August， reflecting the temporal characteristics of climate conditions on control strategy requirements. 5）Model validation results show that the average relative error between simulated values and measured values is 5.65%， indicating good model reliability. In summary， regions with mild climates exhibit significant advantages in livestock and poultry production， whereas other climatic zones should take their energy consumption characteristics into account and focus on optimizing the performance of building envelopes and the operational strategies of environmental control systems. This study can provide a theoretical basis and data support for energy-saving design of livestock and poultry housing buildings， optimization of environmental control systems， and regional breeding planning in different climate zones.Keywords：broiler house;thermal environment;climate classification;energy consumption;Ecotect42|15|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-10-21
- Abstract：To gain a deeper understanding of the developmental trajectory and future trends in the research field of agricultural plastic greenhouse films， a bibliometric analysis was conducted using literature retrieved from the Web of Science （WoS） Core Collection and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）. The search term “greenhouse film” was used for WoS Core Collection， while the corresponding Chinese keyword used for CNKI database. Collaboration networks， co-occurrence patterns， and burst detection analyses were conducted to examine domestic and international publications in this research field of agricultural plastic greenhouse films from 2000 to 2024. The results showed that： 1） The cumulative number of publications in WoS Core Collection in the research field of agricultural greenhouse films follows the Price exponential function model， indicating sustained and consistent attention from the international academic community. For publications indexed in CNKI database， the cumulative volume fits the symmetric logistic curve model， with an inflection point in the growth rate occurring around 2012. Before 2012， the number of publications showed approximately exponential growth； After 2012， the growth rate slowed down. Additionally， the proportion of publications shifted from being dominated by the CNKI database in 2000 to being led by the WoS Core Collection in 2024. 2） China ranks first in terms of the number of publications and forms the largest research cluster together with 19 countries such as Australia， Japan， and Israel. The countries within this cluster exhibit high centrality and significant academic influence. However， its betweenness centrality remains lower than that of the United States， Italy and other countries， indicating that China needs to strengthen further its efforts in advancing cutting-edge research. From the perspective of national and institutional collaboration， Germany is the country with the most extensive cooperative networks， followed by China and Australia. China mainly collaborates with South Korea， Japan， and Italy. Domestic institutions， with Shandong Agricultural University and the Institute of Vegetables and Flowers of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences serving as two core hubs， form a relatively mature core collaboration network. Research mainly focuses on the development of novel greenhouse films and functional additives， the evaluation of greenhouse film applications， and associated cultivation technologies. However， from a national perspective， the overall collaboration density among domestic institutions remains low， leaving room for core institutions to enhance their dominant and radiating roles in the network. 3） Analysis of research trends reveals that domestic research mainly focuses on three areas including the innovative application and evaluation of new greenhouse film materials， the development of cultivation techniques and models oriented towards improving production adaptability， and integrated pest control and ecological agriculture practices. In terms of future research directions， emphasis should be placed on the development of dedicated resins for long-service-life greenhouse films， the innovation of diverse novel greenhouse film materials， the enhanced evaluation of the in-use safety of emerging films， and the expanded application of fluoropolymer resins such as ethylene tetrafluoroethylene （ETFE） and polyvinylidene fluoride （PVDF）. In conclusion， China’s research on agricultural greenhouse films has entered a mature stage. It is necessary to continuously deepen international cooperation to explore new growth drivers and establish cutting-edge research positions. Meanwhile， efforts should be made to strengthen collaboration among domestic research institutions to address the issue of localized production of high-end greenhouse film raw materials and additives.Keywords：plastic;greenhouse film;CiteSpace;bibliometrics;research trends45|24|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-10-21
- Abstract：To review the research progress related to the prosperity index， a literature review methodology was adopted. Following the logical thread of “theoretical foundation → compilation methodology → application fields”， this study systematically reviews the research evolution of the prosperity index， scholarly achievements and developing trends in this field based on a synthesis of the research trajectory of the prosperity index. The study results showed that： 1） The prosperity index possesses both economic and statistical attributes， involving the theories of economic cycles， statistical monitoring and behavioral economics. It has three important characteristics including forward-looking， comprehensiveness and intuitiveness， and performs five core functions including economic status measurement， trend prediction， early warning， policy evaluation and micro-decision guidance. A multi-dimensional classification system with clear hierarchy and rigorous logic can be constructed in accordance with the principles of coverage scope， compilation logic， data sources and technical application. 2） The key to the compilation methodology of the prosperity index lies in identifying and screening leading， coincident and lagging indicators in economic cycles. Through data standardization， weight assignment， statistical synthesis， and verification and revision， these indicators are integrated into a comprehensive prosperity index that characterizes the operation status and development trend of specific fields. This index can capture cyclical inflection points， predict development trends， and provide data support for decision-making. 3） The compilation methodologies of prosperity indices mainly include the composite index method， diffusion index method， early-warning index method， survey index method and machine learning method， showing an evolutionary trend of expanding from linear methods to nonlinear methods， from single-source data to multi-source data fusion， and from manual screening to intelligent algorithms. 4） The prosperity index has demonstrated significant practical effectiveness and played a substantial role in key fields such as industrial economic monitoring， regional coordinated development， cross-industry resource allocation and policy effect evaluation. Each type of method has its own applicable scenarios， advantages and limitations， and the complementary application of multiple methods to meet different monitoring needs has enhanced the scientificity and practicality of prosperity analysis. In conclusion， this study is expected to facilitate the practical application of the prosperity index in the field of agricultural and forestry economics.Keywords：prosperity index;economic monitoring;theoretical system;compilation method;application scenarios;research progress;cutting-edge trends29|23|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-10-21
- Abstract：To comprehensively understand the overview， hotspots， and development trends of research on farm household resilience， the literature analysis and summarization methods were used to systematically organize and summarize the definitions， analytical frameworks， measurement methods， and influencing factors of farm household resilience. The results showed that： 1） From the perspective of conceptual definition， farm household resilience is a multidimensional and comprehensive concept. Based on existing literature， farm household resilience is defined as the ability of farmers to ensure their livelihoods security， achieve rapid recovery， and sustain long-term development by adjusting their livelihood strategies， optimizing resource allocation， and innovating adaptation strategies when facing various external shocks. 2） From the perspective of theoretical analysis frameworks， the four most commonly used frameworks in the literature on farm household resilience include include sustainable livelihoods framework，buffer capacity-self-organisation-capacity for learning framework，resilience index measurement and analysis-II framework and absorptive coping capacity-adaptive capacity-transformative capacity framework. Each theoretical analysis framework has its own advantages， disadvantages， and different applicable scenarios. 3） From the perspective of research methods， the main approaches include qualitative research focused on conceptual analysis and theoretical interpretation， as well as quantitative research based on applied econometric models. 4） From the perspective of influencing factors， individual characteristics and household endowments factors of farmers， external resources and social support， as well as policy and institutional factors all have a significant impact on farm household resilience. Therefore， further clarifying the connotation and denotation of farm household resilience， constructing dynamic and theoretical framework to describe the pathways of resilience development， and paying attention to non-quantitative factors and the heterogeneity of farmers may represent key directions for future research.Keywords：farm household resilience;literature review;conceptual definition;analytical framework;research prospects41|20|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-10-21
Quality rice variety selection by professional grain farmers under rice subsidies: Behavioral logic and influencing mechanisms AI Introduction
Abstract：To investigate the impact of rice subsidies on professional grain farmers’ selection of high-quality rice varieties and its underlying mechanisms， based on the ‘stimulus-organism-response’ （SOR） theoretical model. Empirical analysis utilised a Double-Hurdle Model and a mediation effect model based on the survey data from 657 professional grain farmers in Jiangxi Province. The results indicate that rice subsidies exert a significant positive influence on both the willingness and extent of high-quality rice variety selection by professional grain farmers. A 10% increase in subsidy amount correlates with a 1.15% rise in high-quality rice cultivation area. Heterogeneity analysis reveals an inverted U-shaped relationship between rice subsidies and the selection intensity across different quantiles， with the promotional effect more pronounced in key grain-producing counties， households receiving higher subsidies， and late-season high-quality rice varieties. Mechanism analysis indicates that rice subsidies primarily promote high-quality rice selection by enhancing perceived economic returns， boosting self-efficacy perceptions， and reducing perceived risks. Finally， this study recommends that governments at all levels should dynamically adjust rice subsidy policies to improve their precision and intensity， strengthen capacity building and technical support for professional grain farmers， and guide them to enhance risk prevention awareness. These measures will better promote the cultivation and dissemination of high-quality rice， thereby contributing to high-quality agricultural development.Keywords：rice subsidy;quality rice;perceived economic returns;perceived self-efficacy;perceived risk32|20|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-10-21- Abstract：To clarify the impact of intellectual property protection on food security， taking the policy of intellectual property （IP） demonstration city construction as a quasi-natural experiment， a multi-time point difference-in-differences model is used to systematically investigate the impact of intellectual property demonstration city construction on food security and its internal mechanism. The results show that： 1） The construction policies of IP demonstration cities significantly improved regional food security. 2） The improvement effect of the IP demonstration city construction policy on food security level varies according to the agricultural function area， the level of government IP protection and the level of digital infrastructure construction， and the improvement effect is relatively obvious for cities in non-food main producing provinces， regions with high government IP protection level and regions with high digital infrastructure construction level. 3） The policy elevates regional food security by promoting agricultural technological innovation and scaling up agricultural production operations， with synergistic effects observed between these two mechanisms. 4） There are positive spillovers in the construction policy of intellectual property demonstration cities， which can improve the food security level of surrounding areas through demonstration effect and knowledge spillover， but the spillover effect only exists within 900 km. Accordingly， the guarantee system of the demonstration city system should be improved， and phased promotion mechanism constructed. The construction of IP demonstration cities should be promoted according to local conditions to enhance policy adaptability. Agricultural technological innovation should be acclerated， and agricultural production scale management appropriately developed. Regional collaborative networks should be optimized to amplify the positive spillover effect of intellectual property demonstration city construction policies further strengthened.Keywords：intellectual property protection;construction of intellectual property demonstration cities;food security;multi-period difference-in-differences model28|17|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-10-21
- Abstract：In view of how much compensation is needed to encourage livestock farms to adopt the combination of planting and breeding， the two-part model and the conditional value evaluation method are used. The compensation standard and its influencing factors of the farmers’ willingness to adopt the combination of planting and breeding are investigated. The results show that under the internal circulation planting and breeding combination mode， compensation should be made according to households， and under the external circulation planting and breeding combination mode， compensation should be made according to individual livestock. Based on the two-part model， it is estimated that the compensation standard of farmers’ willingness to participate in the combination of internal circulation planting and breeding is set at 828.40 yuan per household per year. The compensation standard of farmers’ willingness to participate in the combination of external circulation planting and breeding is set at 43.70 and 48.41 yuan per year per heat， respectively. Based on the contingent valuation method， the compensation standard of farmers’ willingness to participate in the combination of internal circulation planting and breeding is 721.61-754.95 yuan per household per year. The compensation standard of farmers’ willingness to participate in the combination of external circulation planting and breeding is 43.16-53.34 and 45.53-52.17 yuan per head per year. Land transfer-in， labor force population and environmental regulation have a significant impact on the compensation standard of the willingness to combine indoor circular planting and breeding in farms. Technical training， degree of specialization， whether the farm is large-scale， whether there is an organic fertilizer plant nearby and its geographical location all have a significant impact on the compensation standard of the willingness to adopt the outdoor planting and breeding integration. Based on this， this study proposes to construct a precise compensation policy framework， improve the policy system of planting and breeding and innovate the social service system.Keywords：combination of planting and breeding;compensation standard;differentiated compensation;farmers’ willingness to compensate30|19|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-10-21
- Abstract：To explore the impact and mechanism of livestock collateral financing on animal husbandry output， based on the “De Soto Effect” theory， a theoretical analysis framework for the impact of live mortgage financing on animal husbandry output is constructed in this study. Taking panel data from 290 cities in China from 2010 to 2022， a multi-period double-difference model is used to empirically test whether livestock collateral financing can stimulate animal husbandry output and analyze its mechanism and heterogeneity. The results showed that livestock collateral financing significantly improves the output level of animal husbandry in the region， and the conclusion still holds true after a series of robustness tests. The mechanism analysis results indicate that livestock collateral financing mainly promotes the increase of animal husbandry output through improving the availability of agricultural credit funds， expanding factor inputs， and promoting industrial agglomeration. The heterogeneity analysis found that the effect of livestock collateral financing on improving the output level of animal husbandry is more prominent in areas with weaker financial development， pastoral and semi pastoral areas， and areas with weaker initial animal husbandry levels. Therefore， it is necessary to support the development of livestock collateral financing by establishing a standardized and differentiated framework， deepening industry finance collaboration to empower factor investment and industrial agglomeration， and promoting high-quality development of animal husbandry.Keywords：livestock collateral financing;animal husbandary output;element configuration;industrial development;staggered DID27|14|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-10-21
- Abstract：To investigate the mechanism through which agribusiness development drives income growth for farmers， this study utilizes panel data from 1 667 counties in China from 2015 to 2022. The fixed-effects models， mediation effects models， and moderation effects models are employed to systematically examine the impact of agribusiness development on farmers’ income growth. The results indicate that： 1） Agribusiness development has a significant positive impact on farmers’ income growth， and this conclusion remains valid after a series of robustness tests； 2） Agricultural enterprise development can generate a production “boost effect” by promoting the scale integration of resources and specialised farming among farmers， and a service “boost effect” by advancing agricultural socialised services and the green transformation of the industry， thereby driving farmers’ income growth； 3） Digital inclusive finance and government fiscal governance can exert moderating effects on agribusiness development’s role in driving farmers’ income growth， generating a “digital empowerment effect” and a “governance empowerment effect”； 4） Heterogeneity analysis indicates that the positive impact of agribusiness development on farmers’ income is relatively more significant in production-sales balanced regions， during both the early stages of enterprise development in regions with low attention to new agricultural productivity and the later stages of enterprise development in regions with high attention to new agricultural productivity. Therefore， it is essential to strengthen the production and service efficiency of agribusiness， effectively promote government governance and digital transformation， and establish regional differentiated support policies.Keywords：agribusiness;income growth for farmers;county;boost effect;empowerment effect33|22|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-10-21
- Abstract：This study focuses on green production information， aiming to investigate whether information acquisition can help farmers overcome the cost barriers of green production and achieve economic benefits. Based on survey data in 2024 from 1 200 apple growers across 10 major apple-producing counties in Shaanxi， Shanxi， Shandong， and Liaoning provinces， this study employs Item Response Theory （IRT） model to construct a comprehensive indicator of farmers’ information acquisition capability. Using regression models， it evaluates multi-dimensional impacts of green production on agricultural input costs， total direct production costs， average sales prices， and profitability， with particular emphasis on the moderating role of information capability. The findings show that： 1） Green production significantly increases total direct input. 2） By raising sales prices， it ultimately boosts profit per area， thereby confirming its economic sustainability. 3） Information acquisition plays a moderating role in this process： IRT-based information acquisition capability effectively alleviates the increase in agricultural input costs associated with green production and enhances profitability， though it has no significant moderating effect on sales prices. The study suggests that promoting the green transition requires strengthening farmers’ information processing capabilities. Accordingly， policy should focus on improving farmers’ abilities to screen and integrate information to help them cross the cost threshold.Keywords：green production;information acquisition capability;IRT model;cost-benefit;moderating effect37|17|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2026-10-21
