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- Abstract：To analyze physiological differences in grain formation of winter wheat, different spike genotypes including big spike genotype(JS), small spike genotype(XS)and middle spike genotype(JM22)were selected as study materials. The dry matter accumulation, the sucrose concentration and the sucrose metabolic enzymes activity in different growth period, and the grain number per spike and grain weight at maturity were determined. The results showed that: Firstly, there were significant differences in grain number per spike and grain weight in different winter wheat genotypes. Secondly, the dry matter accumulation per plant in tetrad period to maturity and the dry matter distribution in spike at anthesis and the grain filling rate of superior and inferior grain were higher in JS than that in XS and JM22. Thirdly, the stem sucrose accumulation in JS was significantly higher than that in other genotypes at anthesis. The peak of sucrose accumulation from leaves to flowering and stems of JS occurred later than XS and JM22, which contributed to higher grain filling rate in JS. Fourthly, the sucrose synthase activity in stem were significantly higher in JS than those in XS and JM22 in tetrad stage and the sourose synthase and invertase activities in grain and stem after anthesis were also significantly higher in JS. Finally, correlation analysis showed that the dry matter of different organs, the sucrose synthase activity and sucrose concentration of top-two-stem at anthesis as well as the sucrose synthase and invertase activity of spike at 15 d pre-anthesis were positively correlated with grain number and grain weight, while the invertase activity of top-two-stem after anthesis as well as the sucrose synthase activity in different organs were positively and significantly correlated with grain weight. In summary, the higher grain number in big spike genotype was mainly due to the higher dry matter distribution in spike and higher sucrose synthase and invertase activities in stem. The higher grain filling stage and grain weight in big spike genotype was due to the higher sucrose metabolism in post-flowering stem and spike as well as the higher translocation and contribution proportion of leaves and stems to grains.Keywords：winter wheat;grain set;grain filling;genotypes;physiological differences4|12|4<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Aiming at the influence of plant height and canopy coverage on the irrigation uniformity of micro-sprinkling hoses at different growth stages of high density planting wheat, the influence of plant shelter on the irrigation uniformity of micro-sprinkling hoses is studied by using different plant height and planting density designed according to the growth law of wheat. The results show that: 1)The influencing factors of irrigation uniformity include the hydraulic performance of the Micro-sprinkling hoses and crop growth condition with micro-sprinkling hoses. 2)The hydraulic performance of micro-sprinkling hoses ensures the micro-sprinkling hoses irrigation uniformity. 3)Crop growth has a significant influence on the uniformity of micro-sprinkling hoses irrigation. In actual application, the operating pressure of micro-sprinkling hoses can be adjusted to improve the uniformity of irrigation according to the density and coverage of crop growth.Keywords：wheat;micro-sprinkling hose;uniformity;canopy coverage4|11|1<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Based on the mixed plate cultivation and seed-soaking and root-irrigation Papiliotrema flavescens greenhouse pot experiments, the colonization characters of P. flavescens in wheat seedling and its inhibitory effects on crown rot were investigated. The main results are as follows: 1)P. flavescens showed a significant inhibition effect on the growth of Fusarium graminearum in the mixed plate cultivation test with an inhibition rate of 84. 1%; 2)In the pot experiment, the number of colonization of P. flavescens showed a decreasing trend over time, and the number of colonization in leaf sheath was more than that in leaf of both the seed-soaking and root-irrigation treatments. Furthermore, compared with the seed-soaking P. flavescens treatments, the number of colonization of P. flavescens in leaf sheath in the root-irrigation treatments was significantly higher in root-irrigation treatment, which reached the maximum colonization number at 14 d after inoculation; 3)In the pot experiment, the relative control effects of root-irrigation P. flavescens treatments on F. graminearum and F. pseudograminearum were 22. 7% and 25. 3%, respectively, both of which were significantly higher than that of the root-irrigation normal saline treatment(P<0. 05). Root-irrigation P. flavescens had no effect on the wheat height. In conclusion, this study displayed that the root irrigation of P. flavescens could achieve its colonization at wheat seedling period and exhibited control effect on wheat crown rot.Keywords：Papiliotrema flavescens;colonization characteristics;crown rot;Fusarium graminearum;Fusarium pseudograminearum3|12|4<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Due to the lack of quantitative assessment techniques for the yield loss of early rice caused by high temperature damage in Jiangxi Province, a loss estimation model of high temperature damage to early rice was developed and verified by using principal component regression method. The results showed that: The process of high temperature damage to early rice in Jiangxi Province was divided into two types, namely, relative high temperature stress and mixed high temperature stress; Among the influence factors of high temperature damage to early rice, the accumulated hot damage temperature, maximum temperature and hot damage days were equally important. When single or multiple factors were obviously high, the hot damage wouldbe aggravated. The verification results of the model established showed the average relative error between actual and simulated yield was 2. 4%. During the stage sowing test, the differences between actual reduction rate and estimation yield loss of three sowing periods under high temperature stress were 2. 4%, 0. 7% and 3. 6%, respectively. In conclusion, the simulation results by the new model constructed in this study were objective, and the model could be used to simulate and predict the yield loss of early rice in the year of high temperature damage.Keywords：early rice;high temperature damage;estimation model of yield loss;principal component regression method;Jiangxi Province6|12|3<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To establish a rapid detection system for the determination of pyrethroid pesticides in corn oil, taking humic acid-bonded silica as sorbent in solid-phase extraction, a method for the determination of 7 kinds of pyrethroid pesticides(cyhalothrin, cyfluthrin, flucythrinate, fenvalerate, tau-fluvalinate, cypermethrin and deltamethrin)was developed by combining dispersive solid phase extraction method and gas chromatography with electron capture detector(ECD). The result showed that: Under optimal extraction and purification conditions, good linearities of 7 pyrethroid pesticides were achieved within the range of 0. 01-0. 60 mg/L with correlation coefficients larger than 0. 991 2. The MDLs of the 7 pyrethroid pesticides were in the range of 0. 001 mg/kg to 0. 005 mg/kg, which were lower than the maximum residue limits in China. In conclusion, the method proposed in this study is simple, quick and sensitive, and is suitable for the regular analysis of pyrethroid residues in corn-oil samples.Keywords：humic acid;solid-phase extraction(SPE);gas chromatography(GC);corn oil;pyrethroid pesticides2|10|1<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To illustrate the differences of different iron efficiency soybean varieties in antioxidant enzyme activity, iron efficient soybean varieties(‘jiyu 99', ‘jiyu 75', ‘changnong 15', ‘changnong 20')and iron inefficient(‘jinong 27', ‘jiyu 87', ‘jiyu 92', ‘jiyu 93')were taken as study material plants were grown in pots containing calcareous soil. The soybean agronomic traits and grain iron content and different development periods of chlorophyll content(SPAD)and antioxidant enzymes and other indicators were determined. The results showed that: There were significant differences in plant height, pod weight, grain weight, biomass and iron content in seeds between high and low efficiency soybean varieties. In calcareous soil, the SPAD and SOD activities in the leaves of soybean with high iron efficiency were significantly higher than those of soybean varieties with low iron efficiency the three-leaf stage and four-leaf stage. The CAT activity in the leaves of iron efficient soybean varieties was significantly higher than that of iron inefficient soybean varieties at the one-leaf and two-leaf stages. There was no significant difference in the POD activity at different stages(V1-R2). In conclusion, the iron-efficient soybean varieties(‘jiyu 99', ‘jiyu 75', ‘changnong15' and ‘Changnong 20')can avoid the decrease of photosynthetic capacity caused by membrane peroxidation by maintaining high antioxidant enzyme activity under the condition of iron deficiency.Keywords：iron efficiency;soybean;antioxidant enzymes;enzyme activity;calcareous soil2|10|1<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To understand the research status of thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor(TSHR), a key gene for sheep seasonal reproduction, relevant domestic and foreign literatures were sorted out and analyzed, and the characteristics of TSHR gene and its regulation of animal ovarian function and seasonal reproduction molecular mechanism. The results showed that TSHR gene and its protein structure are highly conserved in animals and widely expressed in various animal tissues; TSHR gene regulates ovarian function through a cAMP-dependent pathway, and it interacts with TSHβ to indirectly regulate the concentration of T3. Then T3 acts on the gonadal axis to regulate estrus traits of animals. In conclusion, it can be seen that the TSHR gene is very important for the seasonal reproduction of sheep. It is recommended to conduct in-depth research on the mechanism of TSHR in the regulation of seasonal reproduction of mammals to solve the difficult problems in the seasonal reproduction of sheep.Keywords：TSHR;seasonal reproduction;ovary0|9|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to study the effects of chronic heat stress on blood biochemical index, antioxidant capacity and immune function of grazing beef cattle, a total of 20 healthy Simmental cattles were selected from Bayanwenduer grassland in Arukerqin Banner, Inner Mongolia. According to the changes of temperature and humidity in grazing grassland, the experimental period was divided into heat stress period and heat stress recovery period. Blood samples were taken on the morning of the last day of each experiment period. Serum hormones, antioxidant indexes, serum immunoglobulin and interleukin content were measured by ELISA. The results showed that: 1)Chronic heat stress had significant effect on serum hormones of grazing beef cattle. Compared with the recovery period of heat stress, the contents of triiodothyronine(T3), thyroxine(T4), glucose(Glu), insulin(INS)and insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1)in serum of beef cattle were significantly decreased(P<0. 05). The content of urea nitrogen(BUN)also showed a descending trend(P>0. 05). 2)Heat stress had significant effect on immune function of grazing beef cattle. Compared with the recovery period of heat stress, the contents of immunoglobulin A(IGA), immunoglobulin G(IgG), immunoglobulin M(IgM)and interleukin-2(IL-2)were significantly decreased(P<0. 05), while the contents of IL-1β and IL-6 were significantly increased(P<0. 05). 3)Chronic heat stress had a significant effect on antioxidant function of grazing beef cattle. Compared with the recovery period of heat stress, the total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)and superoxide dismutase(SOD)activities of beef cattle were significantly decreased(P<0. 05), and the content of malondialdehyde(MDA)was significantly increased(P<0. 05). In conclusion, chronic heat stress reduced the immune function and antioxidant capacity of grazing beef cattle, and caused certain damage to the beef cattle body. Chronic heat stress had a great impact on the endocrine hormone level of grazing beef cattle, suggesting that the endocrine system of beef cattle could improve the adaptability to heat stress through self-regulation.Keywords：Simmental cattle;chronic heat stress;blood biochemical index;immune function;antioxidant capacity4|14|15<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The aim of the experiment was to study the effects of different levels of copper sources on performance, antioxidant capacity and copper metabolism of dairy cows. A two factor experimental design was used, including two copper sources(copper sulfate, 1∶1 complex of copper lysine and copper glutamic acid)and the different supplemental levels of copper sources were 0, 3. 5 and 7. 0 mg/kg, respectively. Two copper sources shared the control group, and the supplemental amount was based on copper element. 80 healthy Holstein cows with similar parity, lactation days and milk yield were randomly divided into 5 groups with 16 cows in each group. The pre-test period lasted for 2 weeks, and the trial period lasted for 12 weeks. DMI was measured every 2 weeks, milk yield and milk composition were measured weekly, serum antioxidant index were measured every 4 weeks, and copper metabolism test was conducted in the last 3 days of the trial period. The results showed that DMI and milk yield of 3. 5 and 7. 0 mg/kg copper groups were significantly higher than those in control group(P<0. 05). There was no significant difference in DMI and milk yield between 3. 5 and 7. 0 mg/kg copper groups(P>0. 05), and there was no significant difference in DMI and milk yield between two copper sources(P>0. 05); Milk fat rate in 3. 5 and 7. 0 mg/kg copper groups was significantly lower than that in control group(P<0. 05), and there was no significant effect of different levels of copper sources on milk protein rate, lactose rate and total solids(P>0. 05); CER activity in 3. 5 and 7. 0 mg/kg copper groups was significantly higher than that in control group(P<0. 05), CER and SOD activities in 7. 0 mg/kg copper group were significantly higher than those in 3. 5 mg/kg copper group, and there was no significant difference in CER and SOD activities between two copper sources(P>0. 05); Fecal copper and copper deposition rate in 3. 5 and 7. 0 mg/kg copper groups were significantly higher than those in control group(P<0. 05); Fecal copper and copper deposition rate in 7. 0 mg/kg copper group were significantly higher than those in 3. 5 mg/kg copper group(P<0. 05), and copper deposition rate in 1∶1 complex of copper lysine and copper glutamic acid group was significantly higher than that in copper sulfate group(P<0. 05). In conclusion, diet supplemented with copper can improve milk yield and antioxidant capacity of dairy cows. 1∶1 complex of copper lysine and copper glutamic acid has higher copper deposition rate than copper sulfate. From the perspective of performance and environmental protection, diet supplemented with 3. 5 mg/kg 1∶1 complex of copper lysine and copper glutamic acid has the best effect.Keywords：dairy cows;copper source;performance;antioxidant capacity;copper metabolism1|8|3<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The aim of our study was to identify caprine KRTAP36-1 in goat genome and investigate its association with cashmere traits. By taking the coding sequence of ovine KRTAP36-1 as template, similar sequences in the caprine genome was searched using BLAST funtion in GenBank. Nucleotide sequence variations in 342 Ziwuling black goats were detected using PCR-SSCP analysis and Sanger sequencing, and the association variation in the gene with variation in cashmere traits was finally analyzed using general liner mixed-effect models. Three different nucleotide sequences(named variants A, B, and C)were detected in 342 Ziwuling black goats. The phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the three sequences had the highest homology with the KRTAP36-1 sequence from sheep, suggesting that the sequences identified in this study were originated from caprine KRTAP36-1. Two SNPs were detected in the gene and c. 119A/G was a non-synonymous SNP, which would cause the amino acid change of p. Tyr40Cys. The presence of variant A was associated with decreased cashmere fiber weight(P<0. 001), while the presence of variant B was associated with increased cashmere fiber weight(P=0. 004). The goats with BB had higher cashmere fibre weight than those of AB and AA(P<0. 001). The nucleotide sequence variation of KRTAP36-1 had no effect on the average fibre diameter and cashmere layer height of Ziwuling black goats. No associations with mean fiber diameter and curly fiber length were detected for variation in caprine. These results indicated that caprine KRTAP36-1gene can be used as a molecular marker for improving cashmere fibre weight in Ziwuling black goats.Keywords：Ziwulingblack goat;KRTAP;36;-;1;PCR-SSCP;SNPs;cashmere fibre weight2|9|4<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to investigate the drug resistance of Salmonella typhimurium isolates of animal origin and provide the support data for the prevention of multidrug resistant pathogens, the prevalence of S. typhimurium isolates, antimicrobial resistance profiles and relevant resistance genes were characterized in Xinjiang, from 2015 to 2017. Selective medium and specific PCR were used to isolate S. typhimurium strains. Minimum inhibitory concentrations(MICs)of ciprofloxacin and other 12 antimicrobial agents were determined by Agar dilution method according to CLSI recommendation. Several PCR sets were designated to detect different resistance genes in these isolates. A total of 162 S. typhimurium strains were obtained from different animals, and the isolation rate from high to low was pet(dog and cat), pig, sheep, cattle and chicken. The MIC tests showed that resistance rates of ciprofloxacin, ampicillin, tetracycline and florfenicol were more than 80. 0%, while no resistant to amikacin and fosfomycin were observed. Among the 162 strains of S. typhimurium isolates, 159(98. 1%)strains exhibited multi-resistance. The most common resistance profile was CIP-AMP-TET-FFC-SMZ for S. typhimurium strains from detected animals. The detection rate of resistance genes of S. typhimurium was between 6. 8% and 97. 4%, blaSHV, qnrD, rmtB and mcr-1 genes were not detected. In conclusion, the prevalence of S. typhimurium in different animals in Xinjiang is very high, and the phenomenon of drug resistance is serious. There are many multi-drug resistant strains and higher carrying rate of drug resistance gene. Some stains of different animal origin have the same resistance phenotype and drug resistance genotype. The management system of antibiotic use in animal husbandry should be strengthened to control the development trend of drug resistance of S. typhimurium.3|12|3<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Aiming at the problems of poor thermal insulation performance, high heating energy consumption and high construction cost of multi-span greenhouse in winter, a novel multi-span greenhouse with multi-layer heat preservation and covering is proposed. It is equipped with double screen and double-layer film structure. Experiment is carried out to test the performance of multi-span greenhouse with multi-layer heat preservation and covering during the winter of Beijing. The results show that: The average of daily average temperature and daily minimum temperature in greenhouse are 6. 1 and 1. 4 ℃; The average of daily average temperature and temperature difference between inside and outside at night are 2. 4 and 9. 0 ℃. The daily minimum temperature ≤5 ℃ is accounted for 96% of the total number of days, and the average daily duration of temperature ≤5 ℃ lasts up to 12 hours. Taking small arch shed + double-layer screen cover, plastic arch shed + film and double-layer screen cover as two control areas, the average of daily average temperature and daily minimum temperature can be increased by 4-6 ℃; The average of daily average temperature and temperature difference between inside and outside at night can be increased by 5-6 ℃, and the average daily minimum temperature is 5-12 ℃. In the case of no auxiliary heating, the multi-span greenhouse with multi-layer heat preservation and covering is unable to produce leafy vegetables in Beijing, and the design of thermal insulation cover needs to be further strengthened to improve the indoor temperature environment or add temporary auxiliary heating facilities to produce leafy vegetables and fruit vegetables.Keywords：multi-span greenhouse;multi-layer heat preservation;multi-layer covering;temperature environment;greenhouse design0|14|1<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to identify boundary condition of LED light in CFD environment simulation of plant factory, a single-layer production system was constructed. According to the prototype, a 3D model of the cultivation frame with the same size was built in CFD software. The 3D model was simulated and analyzed, and the simulated value was compared with the measured value of the prototype, which verified the feasibility of setting LED lamp boundary conditions. In the model, the LED lamp was divided into reactor and lampshade. The reactor was set as the boundary condition of heat source. Based on the numbers of red and blue bulbs and the corresponding electro-optical conversion efficiency, the heat dissipation per unit volume was calculated. The lamp shade is a plastic shell on the surface of the LED lamp, which was set as a heat conduction material. The measured values of airflow speed and temperature on the cultivation system were compared with the simulated values. The feasibility of setting LED lamp reactor as heat source and lamp shade as heat conduction material in CFD model was verified. The results showed that: 1)The heat dissipation per unit volume of LED lamp in the three-dimensional model of cultivation system was 34 166 W/m3; 2)The root-mean-square error of the measured and simulated wind speed values at 30 measurement points is 0. 06 and the root-mean-square error of the measured and simulated temperature value at 46 measurement points is 2. 63. In conclusion, it is feasible to set LED supplementary light reactor as heat source and lamp shade as heat conduction material in CFD simulation of plant factory.Keywords：plant factory;environmental simulation;computational fluid dynamics;energy source;LED lamp6|10|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The evaluation of “production-living-ecological” functions(PLEFs)is the scientific basis for grasping the development status of geographical space and is of great significance for the optimizing the layout of geographical space and achieving the goal of regional sustainable development. In order to comprehensively understand the progress of the evaluation of PLEFs, “production-living-ecological” functions and “production-living-ecological” space are taken as keywords to search CNKI and Web of Science Core Collection. A total of 373 related papers published from 2010 to 2020 are obtained. Literature review methods, comparative analysis, and induction are employed to systematically summarize the connotation, carrier, development objective, classification and the evaluation methods of PLEFs in these researches. The results show that the researchers have reached a consensus on the connotation of PLEFs, but the unified function classification system has not been formed. The research framework and evaluation index of PLEFs needs further improvement. The future studies should be focused on strengthening the research of connotation, formation mechanism and interrelationships of PLEFs, improving the function classification system and establishing a scientific and differentiated evaluation index system of PLEFs, innovating the evaluation methods and improving the practical applicability of evaluation results that can be applied to the optimization of PLEFs, the guidance of the industry development and the layout of public service facilities.Keywords：“production-living-ecological” functions;evaluation research;progress;prospect4|10|21<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Aiming at the problem of farmland soil heavy metal pollution caused by livestock and poultry manure during the manure application. The flow process of heavy metals in the crop-farm animal production system was analyzed. Based on risk screening values for farmland soil heavy metal contamination, an estimation model on farmland carrying capacity for livestock and poultry manure was established. The crop-farm animal production system in Heilongjiang Land Reclamation Area(HLRA)and Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps(XPCC)were selected as study cases. Under the long-term risk screening values of soil, the farmland carrying capacity for livestock and poultry manure was calculated. The results showed that: 1)In HLRA, under t rice, maize and soybean cultivation, the carrying capacities of swine equivalent were respectively 37, 21 and 21. In XPCC. Under cotton, wheat and maize cultivation, the carrying capacitys of swine equivalent was 67. 2)Cd, Cu and Zn should be taken into account firstly to prevent heavy metal pollution in HLRA and XPCC during the manure application. In the end of this study, it is recommended to focus on preventing farmland soil acidification and Cd input. Based on livestock production status and soil heavy metals background values, local standards are established to control heavy metals in manureKeywords：land carrying capacity for livestock and poultry manure;heavy metals;risk screening values;environmental capacity6|17|8<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to better understand agricultural non-point source pollution(ANPSP)in Huaiyuan County, an output coefficient model was adopted to calculate the emissions of total nitrogen and total phosphorus from 2014 to 2018. The results showed that: The total nitrogen emissions were respectively 309. 8, 293. 6, 300. 6, 305. 2 and 310. 5 t from 2014 to 2018 showing a trend of decreasing initially and then increasing. Different from total nitrogen emissions, the total phosphorus emissions were respectively 21. 7、21. 9、22. 4、23. 0 and 22. 8 t from 2014 to 2018 showing a trend of increasing. The ANPSP mainly came from croplands, population and livestock, but they presented totally different contributions. The total nitrogen emission contribution rate was: croplands source>population source>livestock source. The total phosphorus emission contribution rate was: population source>livestock source>croplands source. Based on the intensity of ANPSP emission per unit area, the area was divided into four levels, with obvious spatial-temporal changes; The TN emission intensity were mainly located at level 2 and level 3, while the TP emission intensity were located at level 1 and level 2. Besides, there existed great differences among villages with larger emissions in Yuxia, Zhaomu and Lianhe, northwest and east in the investigated area. In conclusion, the total nitrogen emission was key agricultural non-point source pollution in Huaiyuan County. Application of suitable fertilizers could help to solve this problem. Meanwhile, reasonable countermeasures should also be put forward according to different pollution sources in different regions.Keywords：agriculture non-point pollution;export coefficient model;total nitrogen;total phosphorus;spatial-temporal distribution0|13|9<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to analyze the impact of social capital on farmers' willingness to adopt for fertilizer and pesticide reduction technology, a multiple linear regression is used to analyze the mechanism of social capital on farmers' willingness to adopt for chemical fertilizer and pesticide reduction technology based on 326 survey data obtained in Hubei, Shanghai, and Chongqing(province). The results show that social capital has a positive effect on farmers' willingness to adopt for fertilizer and pesticide reduction technology, social trust has the largest influence, followed by social network, and social norm has the smallest influence. Learning ability plays a mediating role between social network, social trust, social norm and the willingness to adopt for fertilizer and pesticide reduction technology. Ecological cognition positively moderating the transformation from learning ability to farmers' willingness to adopt for fertilizer and pesticide reduction technology. It is necessary to mobilize resources of towns and villages, cultivate farmers' social capital, improve farmers' learning ability and ecological cognition to increase farmers' willingness to adopt technologies for chemical fertilizer and pesticide reduction.Keywords：social capital;learning ability;ecological cognition;fertilizer and pesticide reduction;willingness to adopt0|9|14<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to improve the willingness of agricultural green production and guide farmers to engage in agricultural green production, based on the survey data of 698 growers in 47 villages of 13 cities in Heilongjiang Province, this study combined the analysis of external theory, farmer behavior theory, planning behavior theory and other related theories. The binary logistic regression model was constructed to test the influence mechanism of farmers' cognition on agricultural green production willingness, and the environmental regulations were applied as a moderating variable. The regulatory effect of environmental regulation on the relationship between farmers' cognition and agricultural green production willingness was explored. The results show that: 1)Farmers' willingness of agricultural green production is only 59%, and there is still a lot of room for improvement; 2)The cognition of agricultural green production policy, agricultural non-point source pollution hazard and agricultural green development prospect have significant positive effects on improving agricultural green production willingness. In addition, farmers' education level, risk preference and agricultural green production technology training have significant positive effects on agricultural green production The willingness of color production has a positive impact, age and the proportion of non-agricultural income have a negative impact on the willingness of agricultural green production; 3)Incentive environmental regulation displays a significant positive regulatory effect on the cognition of agricultural green production policy and the cognition of agricultural non-point source pollution harm-agricultural green production willingness, while the restrictive environmental regulation has a significant positive regulatory effect on the cognition of agricultural green production policy and the cognition of agricultural development prospect-agricultural green production intention has a significant positive regulatory effect. Therefore, this study puts forward some policy suggestions, such as strengthening the training of green production technology for farmers, increasing financial subsidies for green production, and formulating and implementing reasonable punishment mechanism.Keywords：agricultural green production willingness;growers;environmental regulation;farmers' cognition;binary logistic regression model3|11|21<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to discuss the export competitiveness of China's agricultural products to the countries along “the Belt and Road”, based on the perspective of export technology structure and competition situation, a comparative evaluation of agricultural products' export competitiveness between China and Australia in the markets of countries along “the Belt and Road” is made. The results show that: Although the disadvantage in high-tech value-added agricultural products of China remains unchanged, its competitiveness in medium and low-tech value-added agricultural products has significantly improved; Compared with Australia, China's agricultural products' export structure has been far away from the demand curve of the countries along “the Belt and Road”; Australia faces competitive pressure from China's agricultural products' export at a relatively high level, while China faces the competitive pressure from Australia agricultural products' export maintaining a downward trend; In terms of market share and competitiveness in the market of countries along “the Belt and Road”, China's agricultural products' export competitiveness and market share have increased significantly, while Australia's market share has increased slightly and export competitiveness has declined slightly.Keywords：trade of agricultural products;export technology structure;“the Belt and Road”;comparation of China and Australia;competitiveness3|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Research on the market information of agricultural products is helpful to adjust the produce and supply to better meet market demand, and the price change of agricultural products is the wind vane reflecting the market situation. The vegetable price trend characteristics and its influencing factors at national and regional scale in China were analyzed. The vegetable price in Shanghai is selected as study object. The result showed that the price of vegetables in China decreased slowly from 1995 to 2002, and it began to rise from 2003, and declined again after 2017. The vegetable prices in Shanghai were consistent with the national vegetable prices, but they are lower than the national vegetable prices during 2010-2018. The monthly and daily vegetable prices in China and Shanghai showed obvious seasonality and irregularity, and the irregular volatility of vegetable prices in Shanghai was higher than that in China. The results of the time series analysis model of vegetables price in China and Shanghai displayed that the price of vegetable in China was highly correlated with the price of the same period over last 3 years and the price in the earlier month of that year, while the price of vegetable in Shanghai was highly correlated with the price of the same period of last 2 years and the price in the earlier 4 months of that year. Among all influencing factors, the national vegetable price and Shanghai vegetable price had higher positive correlation with last year's price, production cost, consumer price index and per capita disposable income. The results of univariate regression analysis with each factor showed that the vegetable price had the highest relevance with consumer price index. According to the research results, it is suggested to strengthen the research on the market information of agricultural products at the regional level, that is possible for the production management to make the product supply better meet the market demand.Keywords：agricultural production;vegetable;market information;market price;price volatility;time series analysis10|10|1<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Based on the micro survey data of hog farmers in Jiangsu Province from 2012 to 2017, this study adopts the stochastic frontier production function to evaluate the environmental efficiency of small-scale hog farming. The differences in environmental efficiency between the integrated crop-livestock production farmers and the ordinary hog farmers are systmatically explored. Based on the efficiency analysis, this study tries to find out the optimal ratio of hog heads and farmland area. The results showed that: Firstly, the average environmental efficiency of small-scale hog farming in Jiangsu Province was 0. 813 between 2012 and 2017, and the environmental efficiency grew slightly over time. Secondly, compared with the ordinary farmers, the environmental efficiency of integrated crop-livestock production farmers was higher than ordinal hog farmers. The environmental efficiency of integrated crop-livestock production farmers was 0. 013 higher than that of ordinary hog farmers on average. Thirdly, an inverted U-shaped relationship was observed between the hog-land ratio and the environmental efficiency of hog farming. In rice-wheat rotation area, the environmental efficiency of hog farming reached the highest when the hog-land ratio is 92. 98 heads/(hm2·a).Keywords：small-scale;hog farming;integrated crop-livestock production;environmental efficiency;stochastic frontier production function1|12|5<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to learn from the advanced development experience of Japan's freshwater fishery, this study analyzes the Japan's freshwater fishery system, relevant laws and Japan's specific practices(inward and outward oriented). The results show that Japan's fishery development strategy shifted to famous aquaculture species(eel)and trade varieties(koi), and both of them achieved good results. It is further clarified that eel farming is the key to maintain Japan's freshwater aquaculture industry, and some domestic eel supply has been maintained through Japan's ecological restoration measures. Japan's government and enterprises have jointly implemented the koi export-oriented strategy. China's purchasing power encouraged Japanese koi breeding industry, and driove the local economic development of Niigata County. The results show that the internal structural decline of Japan's freshwater fishery is the real reason for the decline of freshwater fishery production. The development strategy of Japan's freshwater fishery provides references for developing high-quality freshwater fishery in China.Keywords：Japan;freshwater fisheries;development;strategy;reference0|9|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
