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- Abstract：In order to identify key meteorological factors affecting crop water demand and their changing characters, based on long-term climate data during 1987-2016, this study quantitatively calculated the effective precipitation(Pe), crop water demand(ETc)and irrigation water demand(ETaw). The spatio-temporal variation in crop water supply-demand and the main factors that influenced the crop water demand were analyzed by adopting the methods of sensitivity analysis, factor trend detection and GIS spatial analysis. The results indicated that the Pe didn't meet the water demand of winter wheat in the past 30 years, and the average annual ETaw was 264 mm. As the temperature continues to rise, especially because of the significant downward trend of Pe in the past 10 years, winter wheat production might face more serious water deficit in future. The Pe was more consistent with the water demand of summer maize, and its ETaw was only 79 mm. The northern Huang-Huai-Hai was the high-value area of the ETc and ETaw of winter wheat, and the ETaw of the southern part was relatively low but kept increasing obviously over the past 30 years. Relative humidity and temperature had the greatest impact on ETc, followed by average wind speed and sunshine hours. The reduction of relative humidity and the significant increase in temperature both led to the increase in ETc.Keywords：winter wheat-summer maize;meteorological factors;water supply-demand;spatio-temporal variation;Huang-Huai-Hai region5|10|4<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to study the genetic correlation between the characteristics of wheat and its resistance to low nitrogen at seedling stage, 24 wheat varieties were cultured in water under the conditions of low nitrogen(0. 4 mmol/L)and normal nitrogen(4 mmol/L), respectively. At four-leaf stage, twenty-three nitrogen efficiency indexes, such as plant height(PH), root length(RL)and root number(RN)were measured. The low nitrogen tolerance indexes were used for principal component analysis, and the comprehensive evaluation value(D)was calculated by membership function method. Low nitrogen tolerance varieties were screened by systematic clustering. At the same time, the genetic correlation coefficient and heritability of nitrogen efficiency related traits were combined to determine the index of intermediate selection traits in breeding. The results showed that: 1)The 24 wheat varieties were divided into three types, e. g. low-nitrogen, middle and low-nitrogen-sensitive. The varieties with low nitrogen tolerance included Changwu89(1)3-4, an 85 zhong 124-1, ShanR8093, Pingyang348 and Changle5. Low nitrogen sensitive types included Hanxuan12, Baiqimai, Yannong19, Shan225, Jinmai33 and Zhongda91-pin9. And 13 other varieties belong to intermediate type. 2)Under low nitrogen stress(Tiller number)TN, (Leaf width, )LW, (Root fresh weight)RFW, (Straw fresh weight)SFW, (Plant fresh weight)PFW, (Shoot nitrogen accumulation)SNA, (Plant nitrogen accumulation)PNA and low nitrogen tolerance comprehensive evaluation value(D)genetic correlation, environmental correlation and phenotypic correlation reached significant or extremely significant level. The genetic correlation, environmental correlation and phenotypic correlation between(Leaf area)LA and(Straw dry weight)SDW and D value under normal nitrogen treatment were significant or extremely significant. 3)In the breeding process, LW, RFW and PFW traits were selected under low nitrogen condition; Under the condition of normal nitrogen supply, the selection of LA, (Plant dry weight)PDW and(Root nitrogen accumulation)RNA showed better effect on the selection of low nitrogen tolerance of wheat, and the selection efficiency was higher.Keywords：wheat;low nitrogen tolerance;genetic correlation;heritability;comprehensive evaluation value0|9|3<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To explore the expression pattern of the promoter of ZmMYB59 gene, two promoter fragments of ZmMYB59 gene, MYB59-P-1 and MYB59-P-2, were cloned by using genomic DNA of‘B73' as template in this study, respectively. pCXGUS-MYB-1K, pCXGUS-MYB-2K expression vectors were then constructed by using MYB59-P-1 and MYB59-P-2 to drive GUS gene expression, respectively. Bioinformatics analysis was carried out by using PlantCARE software, and the result showed that the ZmMYB59 gene promoter contains important cis-acting elements such as ABRE and CCGTCC-box. GUS staining was performed on germinated seeds, and seedling roots, stems and leaves in the T1 generation plants transformed with pCXGUS-MYB-1K or pCXGUS-MYB-2K. In seeds, no GUS staining signal was observed in pCXGUS-MYB-1K transformed lines, which indicated that it didn't drive GUS expression in seeds. Some signal was observed in the endosperm edge of pCXGUS-MYB-2K transformed lines indicating that the promoter drived the expression of GUS in the endosperm of seeds edge. During germination period, the GUS activity could be detected only in shoot tips in pCXGUS-MYB-1K test, which indicated that pCXGUS-MYB-1K only drived GUS expression in shoot tips, while the GUS expression was observed in pCXGUS-MYB-2K test with weak signal in roots and strong signal in shoot tips indicating that it mainly drived the GUS expression in shoot tips. At seedling stage, the GUS activity could be detected in roots, stems, leaves of pCXGUS-MYB-1K and pCXGUS-MYB-2k. And in the pCXGUS-MYB-2k test stronger expression was observed, indicating that the promoter of ZmMYB59 gene is constitutive promoter, and it also indicates that MYB59-P-1 is required for the normal regulatory function of the promoter, but the promoter ability is not strong, it is speculated that there may be cis-acting elements in MYB59-P-2 that enhance the expression of promoter.Keywords：maize;promoter;GUS staining;transformation;element;function analysis4|9|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The aim of this study was to clarify the present situation and main influencing factors of mechanized grain harvesting quality of summer maize in Sichuan Province. From 2017 to 2018, mechanical grain harvesting experiments were carried out on more than 20 maize varieties in Sichuan Province. The plant traits, ear traits, organ moisture content, mechanical strength of grain and cob, and mechanical grain harvesting quality of the tested varieties were investigated. The results showed that: 1)The grain moisture content harvesting in two years ranged from 10. 14% to 37. 16%, the grain moisture content in 90. 00% of test samples was below 29. 00%. The average broken rate was 5. 80%, which was higher than the national standard of ≤5. 00%. the average impurity rate was 2. 56%, which was lower than the national standard of ≤3. 00%, and the average grain loss rate was 1. 02%. Postponed harvesting reduced grain moisture content and significantly improved mechanical grain harvesting quality. 2)The broken rate, which was significantly different among varieties, was mainly affected by grain moisture content and grain mechanical strength. Cob was the main component of impurity, and the impurity rate was closely related to the cob moisture content and mechanical strength. The grain loss rate gradually decreased with the decrease of grain moisture content. Sichuan net-cropping summer maize could meet the requirement of mechanical grain harvesting for grain moisture content. The varieties with fast dehydration in late development period, suitable physical and mechanical characteristic of grain, low mechanical strength and strong toughness of cob, suitable plant and ear height were selected. According to climatic conditions and crop cohesion, in time and late harvest is necessary to improve the mechanical grain harvesting quality of Sichuan summer maize.Keywords：summer maize in Sichuan;mechanical grain harvesting;moisture content;broken rate;influencing factors2|8|5<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The aim of this study was to investigate the yield components of Coix species suitable for planting in North China. An early maturing and high yield Coix species ‘Space No. I', which was selected from space breeding, was used as study material. The correlation analysis, path analysis and principal component analysis of main agronomic traits of ‘Space No. I' were conducted. The results showed that plant height, number of nodes, number of spikes and number of tillers were most related to the Coix high yield; The number of spikes, grain number per spike contributed most to high yield; The yield component of ‘Space No. I' was related to high levels of spike numbers and tiller numbers, moderate level of grain number per spike and hundred-grain weight; The optimum fertilization formula of ‘Space No. I' was 15 kg/667 m2 nitrogenous fertilizer, 50 kg/667 m2 phosphate fertilizer and 20 kg/667 m2 potash fertilizer. Under the optimum fertilization condition, the average yield of ‘Space No. I' was over 280 kg/667 m2. In conclusion, the high levels of both spike numbers and tiller numbers, and the moderate level of grain number per spike and hundred-grain weight were the characters most suitable for Coix species planting in North China.3|10|2<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
Histological anatomy analysis of inter-family grafting interface healing between tomato and cucumber
Abstract：The aims of this study were to explore the healing formation process of incompatible inter-family grafting between tomato and cucumber, and provide theoretical foundation for future research on interaction between rootstocks and scions. Three species, cucumber ‘Xintaimici'(Cucumis sativus L. ), figleaf gourd(Cucurbita ficifolia Bouché) and tomato ‘Zhongza No. 9'(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. )were taken as study objects in this study. Inter-family grafting with tomato(scion)/cucumber(stock)was performed by using hypocotyl grafting method with homo-grafted cucumber/cucumber, inner-family hetero-grafted cucumber/figleaf gourd as controls. Firstly, the morphological changes of three graft combination seedlings were investigated at 2, 5, 8 and 15 day after grafting and the grafting survival rate was analyzed. Moreover, the anatomical changes of healing process between inter-family grafts, homo-grafts and inner-family hetero-grafts were compared and analyzed. The results indicated that: 1)By paraffin section of graft union detection, both homo-grafts cucumber/cucumber and inner-family hetero-grafted cucumber/figleaf gourd were undergoing same healing process, and the cambium and vasculature system were established successfully. While both parties of inter-family graft tomato/cucumber can also dedifferentiate callus respectively, however parenchyma cells of each callus were not able to fuse together veritably. 2)By labeling systems of fuchsin solution transported via xylem and HPTS dye transported via phloem respectively, it was found that the mechanically docked xylem of grafted seedlings could transport water and keep scion from wilting, but phloem was still not able to fuse. Therefore, most of nutrients such as photosynthetic assimilated products could not be transported from source to sink tissues to maintain vitality, which explained the preliminary anatomical mechanism of the incompatible of inter-family grafting.Keywords：cucumber;tomato;pumpkin;inter-family grafting;graft union healing;vasculature connection1|10|3<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27- Abstract：To provide the basis for development and utilization of germplasm resources as well as genetic background analysis, the genetic diversity of 142 chestnut germplasm resources from Yanshan region and 9 cultivars collected from Taihangshan region were analyzed by 21 pairs selected SSR primers. A total of 71 alleles were successfully detected with these SSR primers ranged from 2 to 6 and with an average of 3. 38 alleles per locus. The polymorphic information content(PIC)ranged from 0. 614 5 to 0. 972 3, with an average value of 0. 866 8. The effective number of alleles(Ne), Nei's genetic diversity index(H), Shannon's information index(I), number of total genetic diversity index(Ht)and intra-population genetic diversity index(Hs)of eight populations were respectively 1. 457 8, 0. 309 9, 0. 468 0, 0. 306 2, 0. 291 2, indicating relatively high genetic diversity and variability of Yanshan chestnut populations. Among them, the polymorphic rate of Zunhua population was the highest, which accounted for 97. 18%, followed by Qinglong 95. 77% with and Qianxi 94. 37%. These results suggested that populations in Zunhua and Qianxi had the richest genetic diversity. UPGMA cluster analysis showed that Qianxi population and Kuancheng population had the closest genetic similarity and relationship, while the contrary was the case of Huairou population and Xingtai population. The clustering results and principal coordinate analysis showed the germplasm resources from Yanshan region were classified into one cluster, while those from Taihangshan region were classified into another, indicating that there was obvious difference between chestnuts originated from Yanshan and from Taihangshan and the genetic relationship largely correlated with the geographic origin.Keywords：Yanshan chestnut;germplasm resources;genetic diversity;SSR3|9|12<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To study the inhibition effects of Trichoderma harzianum VT9-3r and Bacillus subtilis VT4-1x on potato pathogens(Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum and Alternaria solani), the dual culture test was adopted to determine the antagonistic ability of the biocontrol strains, and the influence of the biocontrol strains on the mycelial growth of the pathogens was observed by scanning electron microscope. Pot experiment was conducted to investigate the ability of the bio-control agents for preventing black scurf of potato caused by R. solani. The results showed that these two bio-control strains could inhibit the growth of three pathogens: The inhibitory effect of B. subtilis on the pathogens in descending order was A. solani(60. 3%)>R. solani(56. 4%)>F. oxysporum(53. 2%), and its metabolites displayed obvious inhibitory effect on pathogens; T. harzianum inhibited pathogens through competition and heavy parasitism, with the bacteriostatic rates in descending order was F. oxysporum(76. 9%)>R. solani(66. 9%)>A. solani(59. 6%); The pot experiment presented that these two biocontrol strains could significantly prevent the potato black scurf, and the control effect of combing these two(1∶1)was further improved, and reached 81. 5%. In conclusion, T. harzianum's inhibition effect mainly relies on parasitism, while B. subtilis is through hantagonistic mechanism. The combination of two different bacteriostatic mechanisms could control the common soil-borne fungal diseases and promote the growth of potato seedlings.6|13|11<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To explore new genetic resources to Southern rust in this study, 216 F2 individuals of sweet corn combination M5×M114 were used as genetic mapping population to scan resistant QTL of maize Southern rust with the method of Bulked Segregant Analysis. The results showed that: Over 500 SSR markers screened, two markers located on chromosomes 4 and 9 showed polymorphic between resistant and susceptible DNA pools. A linkage genetic map containing 33 marker loci with a total length of 241. 2 cM was constructed by redesigning 100 pairs of SSR primers on chromosomes 4 and 9, and the average distance between individual markers was 7. 53 cM. Combined with the resistance index of 216 F2 families, a total of 7 significant Southern rust resistance QTLs were detected on chromosomes 4 and 9 by composite interval mapping. Four QTLs were located on chromosome 4 and respectively explained 12. 1%, 7. 8%, 18. 2% and 14. 9% of phenotypic variation. And 3 significant QTLs were located on chromosome 9, which explained 17. 0%, 13. 3% and 19. 2% of the phenotypic variation, respectively. This study provided a theoretical basis for QTL fine mapping of Southern rust resistance, cloning of major genes and breeding Southern rust resistant varieties for maize.Keywords：sweet corn;Southern rust;bulked segregant analysis;QTL mapping4|9|2<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to prepare reductive polypeptides from dairy cows' placenta efficiently, fresh placentas from healthy, normally parturition Chinese Holstein cows were taken as study object. The samples were homogenized under ice bath condition, extracted placental polypeptides using sonication and trypsin digestion. The extraction efficiency and reducibility of polypeptides under different homogenate concentration, enzyme-substrate weight ratio and extraction time were investigated. Then extraction rate and reducibility were optimized by response surface method. The results showed that: The ultrasonic extraction method, which obtained the highest the extraction rate(0. 95%)and the VitC equivalent(2. 91 μg/mg), was tissue homogenate concentration of 50. 00% and the power of 1 800 W for 7. 50 min. In the trypsin hydrolysis method. The highest extraction rate(5. 55%)and highest VitC equivalent(39. 32 μg/mg)were achieved under 5. 78 and 5. 13 h hydrolysis, 30. 21%and 35. 59% homogenate concentration and 3. 24% and 4. 19% enzyme-substrate weight ratio separately. The reducibility and extraction rate showed significant positively correlations in both methods(P<0. 05); After the response surface optimization, the optimum preparation conditions for placental reductive polypeptide was 5. 80 h hydrolysis time, 34. 98% substrate concentration and 3. 33% enzyme-substrate ratio, and theoretical comprehensive extraction rate was 2 037. 92 μg/g. In summary, the placental tissue of dairy cows contained natural reductive polypeptide. Sonication and trypsin digestion could be applied to the extraction of reductive polypeptide from cow's placenta. Trypsin hydrolysis method was superior to sonication method.Keywords：dairy cow;placental peptide;sonication;trypsin digestion2|8|2<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Aiming at the problems that existing methods of insulation covering are not able to cover over the top of the arch roof and after the insulation being rolled up on the top of the roof it causes additional load to the roof and indoor shading, a set of over-the-top rolling system(ORS)based on the roller chain drive system was designed. To study the performance and component parameters of ORS, based on calculative simulation a insulation with fluffy thickness of 10 mm and its compacted thickness is 2 mm, a stainless steel pipe of 25 mm in diameter and the wall thickness of 1. 5 mm, a wire rope with the diameter of 2 mm, chain number 06B and sprocket of 29 teeth, 400 W motor was selected. A tower wheel with pitch of 2 mm, 22 laps 2 mm wide and 1 mm deep thread, pull angle 30° was designed. The ORS was installed and run on a miniature arch-shaped greenhouse. The results showed that: 1)The ORS realized the integrated coverage of the insulation over the top by the working method of coiling cover and rolling discover the insulation which improve the overall insulation performance; 2)Compared to the method of placing the insulation on the roof, the ORS placed on the gutter reduced the roof arch load by 42 N/m2, avoiding 33% the indoor shading; 3)The average maximum diameter after the insulation being rolled up was 116. 2 mm, which is less than the width of the model greenhouse gutter(320 mm)and had no additional shading; The maximum tension of rope was 736. 119 N, which was less than the minimum breaking force of the selected wire rope(φ=2 mm)2 296 N; And the maximum measured value of the torque sensor was 8 849. 138 N·m, which was less than the maximum allowable torque of 6×105 N·m of the motor. The maximum working power of the motor was 384 W, which is less than 400 W of the set power. It was reasonable to verify the thickness of the selected insulation, the diameter of the wire rope, the maximum allowable torque of the motor and the power. 4)The speed of roll the insulation and roll the rope was synchronized during the entire working process, which verified the rationality of the design of the tower wheel size specification.Keywords：arch-shaped greenhouse;insulation;external insulation;rolling machine;chain transmission1|8|1<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Aiming at the problem of low overall regional economic benefit caused by unreasonable allocation of agricultural machinery service resources in multi-region interconnection, a simulation method combining mathematical modeling and intelligent optimization algorithm were used to study the allocation of agricultural machinery service resources in multi-region interconnection. According to the development status of intelligent agriculture and the characteristics of multi-regional interconnected agricultural machinery service scheduling, a multi-regional coordination scheduling architecture was constructed to obtain the overall situation of agricultural machinery service resources. A multi-knapsack agricultural machinery service scheduling model with variable value was established, and a hybrid intelligent algorithm based on simulated annealing and particle swarm optimization was designed to solve the scheduling model. An example was given to analyze the difference between the coordinated dispatching method and the traditional decentralized dispatching method in terms of regional total benefit, order response rate and agricultural machinery utility ratio, and the influence of farmland area on the dispatching method. The simulation results showed that when the number of orders was less than 375, the effect of the two scheduling methods was the same; When the number of orders was more than 375, the utility ratio of agricultural machinery obtained by the coordinated scheduling method was 2. 74% higher than that of the traditional decentralized scheduling method; When the number of orders was more than 625, the total regional benefit and order response rate of the coordinated scheduling method were respectively 10. 65% and 14. 88% higher than those of the traditional decentralized scheduling method.Keywords：intelligent agriculture;coordinated scheduling;hybrid algorithm of simulated annealing and particle swarm optimization;optimal allocation of resources2|8|3<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Based on the remote sensing monitoring data of land use in 1995, 2005 and 2015, a “ecological-production-living” land use leading function classification system was constructed and the spatial and temporal variation characteristics and ecological environment effects of land use transformation in Northeast China over the past 20 years were quantitatively analyzed. The methods used in this study included land use transfer matrix, center of gravity model, regional ecological environment quality index. The results showed that: 1)From 1995 to 2015, the land use transformation in Northeast China mainly manifested as the continuous increase of production land and living land, while there was continuous decrease of ecological land. At early stage it changed sharply and slowed down latter. 2)The spatial distribution of all functional land types was obviously unbalanced. The unbalanced spatial distribution of agricultural production land, animal husbandry ecological land and regional ecological land was further aggravated. The unbalanced spatial distribution of industrial and mining production land, forestry ecological land, other ecological land, urban living land and rural living land was moderated. 3)The regional eco-environmental quality index in Northeast China declined from 0. 581 in 1995 to 0. 575 in 2015. The spatial distribution was mainly in high-quality and medium-low-quality areas, and the eco-environmental quality continued to deteriorate. The mutual transformation between agricultural production land and forestry ecological land was the main factor affecting the change of ecological environment quality. In conclusion, the spatial and temporal changes of land use transformation and ecological environment quality in Northeast China were basically consistent with the level of regional social and economic development, urbanization process and agricultural development process. The land use transformation and its ecological environment effects in the main grain producing areas had certain uniqueness.0|8|18<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to provide scientific advice on adjusting the land use patterns of farmers in the groundwater over-exploitation area under the background of fallow policy, the differences in land use patterns of different groundwater velocity reduction zones in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plains(HHH Plains)were analyzed. By using the statistical analysis methods, the data of 330 effective household surveys in the sub-division rate segment were used to analyze the land use patterns of different groundwater velocity reduction zones and explored their spatial differences. The results showed that: 1)In the HHH Plains, the proportion of wheat planted in the groundwater general decline zone was only about 30%, and those of the rest zones were more than 90%. The proportion of rice planted in the groundwater slower decline zone was also larger; 2)The groundwater general decline was mainly due to the planting of summer maize, and the multiple cropping index was lower than 1. 88 in the rest of the zones. The effective irrigation ratios of the groundwater rapid and general decline zones were also slower than those of zones with slower groundwater decline and no significant decline; 3)In addition to the groundwater slower decline zones, other areas were mainly groundwater irrigation and the input of irrigation costs was the most obvious, which is considered to be the main reason for the difference in the intensity of input of cultivated land use; 4)Wheat and corn planting showed high input-high output, high input-low output, low input-high output and low input-low output patterns in different groundwater decline zones. Therefore, according to the differences in land-use patterns of different landfills in the HHH Plains, the targeted planting structure adjustment measures could be taken into account in the formulation of the fallow policy to reduce the consumption of groundwater resources and strengthen the protection of cultivated land.Keywords：Huang-Huai-Hai Plains;groundwater level dropping;farmers' land use;farmers research3|8|1<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Basing on the method of literature review to systematically summarize and sort out literatures, this study analyzes the status and trend of agricultural water resources' research in China, and explores the concept difference, evaluation method and paths of improving agricultural water resources productivity. The results show that: Firstly, the agricultural water resource productivity is defined conceptually as economic output per unit of agricultural water resource under the same economic environment and technical coditions, which requires to control effect of other factors so that can be directly compared among different units. Secondly, economics evaluation methods mainly include total factor productivity indices, frontier model methods and deductive methods. Especially, in the frontier model methods, agricultural water resource productivity can be more comprehensively evaluated by total-factor agricultural water resource efficiency. In the deductive methods, the compound model combined with hydrological model and computational general equilibrium model can synthesize multidisciplinary advantages. Finally, in terms of improving paths, the direct paths include agricultural water resource development and irrigation water-saving technology diffusion. The indirect paths include market-oriented policies, farmers' water-saving incentives and agricultural water resource management organizations. It is the key to establish integrated management mode to make clear the interaction between multiple paths. In conclusion, economic researches on agricultural water resource productivity need to be studied under comprehensive framework in the future, including defining research objectives, strengthening interdisciplinary cooperation and formulating promotion strategies on regional differentiation.Keywords：agricultural water resource management;agricultural water resource productivity;evaluation methods;improvement paths2|8|1<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To study the economic effect of recent mutton price increases in China and further improve the policy of stabilizing the supply and demand of the mutton market, based on macro statistics, this study adopts Nerlove model and other methods to analyze the effect of recent mutton price increases in mutton supply, consumption and Consumer Price Index(CPI). The economic effect concerning the recent sharp increase in mutton price in China is explored, . The results show that mutton price increase has a significant positive impact on mutton supply, but it does not contribute to a substantial increase in mutton supply in the short term. In addition, a negative impact is found on mutton consumption of both urban and rural residents. The residents and low-income groups living in the western minority areas are more affected. To a certain extent, the increase in mutton price can drive the CPI up whereas no huge impact of it can be noticed on the actual living expenses of urban and rural residents. All evidences suggest that it is necessary to increase the policy support for mutton production, to provide mutton consumption subsidies for low-income groups and ethnic minorities in frontier areas and to strengthen the monitoring and alert mechanism of mutton prices.Keywords：mutton price increases;Nerlove model;mutton consumption;consumption and consumer price index0|16|1<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Based on the monthly data of China's agricultural product wholesale price index and logistics prosperity index from December 2011 to January 2019, Markov zone transfer vector autoregression model and pulse analysis are carried out in this study to explore the relationship between agricultural product wholesale price index and logistics prosperity index. The results show that there is an obvious dynamic change characteristic of “dual-area system” between the agricultural product wholesale price index and the logistics prosperity index. The agricultural product wholesale price index is a leading indicator, which significantly affects the logistics prosperity index, and the cumulative impact is positive.Keywords：agricultural product wholesale price index;logistics prosperity index;MS-VAR model;two-zone system3|7|2<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Based on the backdrop of online and offline integration in China's retail channel, e-business enterprises is taken as study object and Structural Equation Model as analytical method is used in this study to analyze 614 survey data from remote rural Beijing. The important impact factor of rural consumers' choice of online shopping, and test the negative correlation between online and offline shopping are investigated. The results show that: In China's rural retail market, the offline shopping frequency of farmers has significant positive correlation with farmer's online shopping attitude, but the two are not complete substitutive. Farmers' attitude towards offline shopping and attitude towards online shopping have direct negative and positice impact on farmers' online shopping frequency, respectively. The farmers' attitude towards online shopping displays a greater impact on online shopping frequency than attitude towards offline shopping.Keywords：online to offline;retailers;channels sinking;consumer behavior;structural equation mode6|8|1<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Based on the survey data of 1 373 households from seven cities in four provinces, and usings Binary Logistic model, entropy method principal component analysis(PCA)and analytic hierarchy process(AHP), the impacts of public trust on the transformation of green production behavior of farmers and the moderating effect of political status are empirically explored. The results show that: 1)Public trust has positive impact on the behavior of straw resource utilization, and the weight of influence is technology service trust > institutional trust > new type trust; 2)Farmers have a certain public trust crisis. The average public trust is only 48. 8%, and the market trust crisis is severer, only 6. 1%; 3)Political status has a significant moderating effect on the relationship between public trust and straw resource utilization. Therefore, in order to promote the transformation of farmers' green production behavior, more attention should be paid on the basic role of public trust, new subject and optimize technical service quality and give full play to the leadership and leading role of the village cadres and improve the stability of agricultural products market.3|7|3<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The impact and mechanisms of farmland titling on credit availability of small farmers is investigated based on the survey data of small farmers from nine provinces in China. A doublely-robust average treatment effect estimation model is used in this study. The results show that titling increases farmers' credit availability. Further analyses find that the impact path of demand is: Farmland titling improves land security, increases the long-term investment of small farmers and ultimately increases their loan willingness. The impact path of supply is: Farmland titling increases the property rights of small farmers and makes them possess large amount of transferable property, which transmits the signal that the possibility of repayment increases. Farmland also can be used as collateral to obtain land mortgage loan, which increases the loan supply of financial institutions. However, the role of the signal is greater than mortgage. The role of farmland mortgage needs further institutional and organizational innovation.Keywords：farmland titling;credit availability;small farmers;doubly-robust estimation0|7|5<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Based on the resource endowment and rational smallholder theory and the survey data of 558 households in the national leisure agriculture demonstration area of Yunnan Province, this study first analyzes the impact of household endowment on farmers' participation in leisure agriculture behaviors using the binary Probit model. The impact of household endowment on farmers' participation patterns(self-employment, labor force participation, and land participation)is then analyzed using the multivariate Probit model. The results show that most of the household endowment variables have a significant impact on whether farmers participate in leisure agriculture. However, in each participatory approach, there are differences in the impact of household endowments. The variables of human capital endowment only have a significant impact on individual business. Social capital endowments have a significant impact on various forms of participation. The influence of natural capital endowment is mainly reflected in the location advantage of the scenic spot. The role of support policy cognition in the education and participation behavior of the head of household is only reflected in self-employment. Therefore, the guidance of the western region government on leisure agriculture should be tailored to local conditions, fully considering the factors of household endowment and the differences in participation methods.Keywords：household endowment;behavior of rural household;leisure agriculture;multivariate Probit model;western China2|8|2<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
