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- Abstract：In order to explore the effects of nitrogen application and micro-sprinkling irrigation integration on the grain yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat in the North China Plain, a field experiment was conducted during the 2015-2016 growing season, and the high-yield wheat(Triticum aestivum L. )cultivar ‘Jimai22' was taken as study object. Under the condition of 105 kg N/hm2 as the base fertilizer, there were three nitrogen fertilizer application amounts(N1, 45 kg/hm2; N2, 90 kg/hm2; N3, 135 kg/hm2)with micro-sprinkling irrigation 4 times at jointing, booting, anthesis and filling stages. The nitrogen fertilizer was applied with two modes: One applied at jointing stage(N1-JS, N2-JS, N3-JS)and another one used the integration of water and fertilizer technology, i. e. , nitrogen fertilizer was applied equally four times at jointing stage, booting stage, flowering stage and filling stage, respectively(N1-4T, N2-4T, N3-4T). The grain yield(GY), leaf area index(LAI), chlorophyll content of flag leaves during the grain filling, dry matter accumulation(DM)and harvest index(HI), and water use efficiency(WUE)of different treatments were investigated. The results showed that the grain yield first increased and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application level under the micro-sprinkling irrigation. N2 obtained the highest GY. At anthesis stage, the LAIs of one-time nitrogen application at jointing stage were significantly higher than the treatment of splitting application of nitrogen fertilizer, but the former was significantly lower than the latter at filling stage. The micro-sprinkling irrigation with divided application of nitrogen fertilizer treatments delayed the senescence of flag leaves during the middle-late filling stage, which was beneficial to the DM after anthesis and increased the grain weight. The water use efficiency of N2 treatment was significantly higher than those of N1 and N3 treatments. Under the same nitrogen application amount, compared with one-time applied of nitrogen fertilizer at jointing stage, the divided application of nitrogen fertilizer treatment significantly improved the WUE. In conclusion, compared with the one-time nitrogen fertilizer applied at jointing stage, the grain yield and water use efficiency of winter wheat were significantly improved by the integration of water and fertilizer. In this study, using micro-sprinkling irrigation with water and fertilizer integrated, four times of nitrogen fertilizer application under N2 condition was the best treatment, which could be introduced as the high-yield and efficient nitrogen fertilizer application mode of winter wheat in the North China Plain.24|13|10<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to clarify the effects of different gradient high temperature(31, 34 and 37 ℃)on the flowering characteristics and pollen viability of maize, a heat-sensitive genotype‘Zhuyu 309' was used as the experimental material at the flowering stage(0-8 d before silking to 0-8 d after silking). The fertilization rate, ear traits, flowering time, pollen viability and pollen ultrastructure of maize were investigated. The results showed that the high temperature stress during flowering significantly reduced the fertilization rate of maize, and had no significant effect on the interval between tasselling and silking. However, the full flowering stage of maize was advanced. The extreme high temperature advanced the tasseling stage significantly, postponed the stage of flowering and full flowering and prolonged the interval between tasselling and silking. The surface of pollen grain shriveled and collapsed, the germinal aperture became invaginated and the pollen viability decreased significantly at high temperature during flowering. The higher the temperature, the greater the decrease of pollen viability. In conclusion, high temperature at the flowering stage affected the flowering characteristics of tassel, prolonged the interval between tasselling and silking, affected the morphology of pollen grains and reduced the pollen viability, thus reduced the fertilization rate of florets and seed setting rate of maize.Keywords：maize;high temperature;anthesis-silking interval;pollen viability;fertilization6|15|16<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to maintain the genetic differences of parents in the utilization of soybean heterosis, 64 pairs of SSR primers were used to analyze the genetic diversities and genetic relationships of 68 soybean varieties(lines), including 53 Chinese varieties(lines)and 15 American varieties. The results showed that: A total of 375 allele variations were detected, with an average of 5. 86 alleles per locus, ranging from 2 to 12. Among them, 373 allele variations were detected in 53 Chinese varieties(lines)with an average of 5. 83, ranging from 2 to 12, and 288 allele variations were detected in 15 American varieties with an average of 4. 50, ranging from 2 to 9. The PIC of polymorphism information content ranged from 0. 366 to 0. 900, with an average of 0. 677. Among them, 53 Chinese varieties(lines)ranged from 0. 370 to 0. 909, with an average of 0. 682, and 15 American varieties ranged from 0. 309 to 0. 817, with an average of 0. 590. The results of cluster analysis showed that the genetic similarity coefficient(GS)of 68 soybean varieties(lines)varied from 0. 529 to 0. 973, with an average GS value of 0. 707. In conclusion, at the similarity coefficient of 0. 65, the tested varieties(lines)could be clustered into two groups, of which the second group could be divided into five subgroups at the similarity coefficient of 0. 69.Keywords：soybean;SSR marker;genetic diversity;cluster analysis;genetic relationship8|10|4<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to clarify the fermentation mechanism and ecological response of plant Jiaosu for Agriculture, this review analyzes 75 published literatures from 2005 to 2018, summarizes the fermentation mechanism, process, composition, agricultural application and challenges, and focuses on the mechanism of ecological effects of plant Jiaosu for agriculture. The results suggest that plant Jiaosu for agriculture is a complex complex and stable ecosystem with multi-function which is rich in nutrients, metabolically active substances and beneficial microbial flora. Due to the multiple components, Jiaosu displays different agro-ecological effects in soil improvement, the promotion of crop growth and insect control and bacteriostatis. Plant Jiaosu is a simple and easy way to obtain indigenous beneficial microorganisms from environment. It is also a novel technology that can be easily implemented in rural area.Keywords：plant Jiaosu for agriculture;agricultural waste management;soil-microorganisms-plant;ecological effects;agro-ecosystem16|21|9<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to investigate the expression patterns of TPH1 and TPH2 genes in different reproductive states of sheep and the relationship between TPH2 gene polymorphism and litter size, real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect their relative expression levels in 10 types of tissues including brain, cerebellum, hypothalamus, pineal gland, pituitary gland, ovary, fallopian tube, uterus, kidney and adrenal gland of Sunite sheep(3 in short day/3 in long day)and Small Tail Han sheep(3 in the follicular phase/3 in the luteal phase); Sequenom MassARRAY® SNP technique was used to detect single-nucleotide polymorphic SNPs of TPH2 gene in perennial estrus sheep breeds(Small Tail Han sheep, Hu sheep and Cele black sheep)and seasonal estrus sheep breeds(Tan sheep, Sunite sheep and Tibetan sheep)and the correlations between gene polymorphism and Small Tail Han sheep litter size was analyzed. The results showed that: TPH1 gene expression in hypothalamus and pineal gland of Sunite sheep was extremely higher in short day than that in long day(P<0. 01). The TPH1 gene expression of Sunite sheep in pituitary was significantly higher(P<0. 05)in short day than that in long day, and the TPH1 gene expression of Small Tail Han sheep follicular phase in pituitary and ovary was significantly lower than that in luteal phase(P<0. 05). The expression of TPH2 gene was higher in pineal gland and kidney of Sunite sheep. The TPH2 gene expression of ovarian tissue of Sunite sheep in long day was significantly higher than that in short day(P<0. 05). For Small Tail Han sheep, the TPH2 gene expression of follicular phase in hypothalamic tissue was extremely higher than that in luteal phase(P<0. 01). Correlation analysis between the two SNP loci and the litter size of TPH2 gene g. 107854166C>T and g. 1078541669C>T in Small Tail Han sheep showed that there was no significant correlation between the two loci and the number of litter size and seasonal estrus in Small Tail Han sheep 1, 2 and 3(P>0. 05). TPH1 and TPH2 are differentially expressed by seasonal light rhythm, suggesting that they are involved in the regulation of upstream genes in seasonal estrus. TPH2 gene may be involved in the regulation of hormone secretion and ovarian development in the hypothalamus of Small Tail Han sheep, but g. 107854166C>T and g. 1078541669C>T are not key sites affecting the number of Small Tail Han sheep litter size and seasonal estrus.4|9|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The purpose of this study was to investigate the proliferation of ovine follicular granulosa cells(GCs)regulated by FSH-AKT-FOXO1 pathway. After GCs were treated with difference concentrations FSH, the cells' viability were measured by CCK-8assays. The apoptosis and cell cyclewere were assayed by Flowcytometry. The phosphorylation level of AKT and FOXO1 protein were detected by Western-Blot. The transcriptional profile of PCNA, CCnd-2 and Bcl-2 were detected by qRT-PCR. The results showed that: adding 10 ng/mL FSH in the culturemedium significantly increased the viability of cells and inhibited apoptosis(P<0. 05). The viability of GCs decreased significantly after pre-treatment with the inhibitor AT7867 of AKT/FOXO1 signal pathway(P<0. 05). FSH significantly promoted AKT phosphorylation and decreased FOXO1 phosphorylation, FSH significantly up-regulated the expressions of CCnd-2, PCNA and Bcl-2 mRNA. In conclusion, FSH promoted the growth and proliferation of ovine follicular granulosa cells through AKT/FOXO1 pathway.4|10|1<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of rare earth chitosan chelate salt(RECC)on adipose histology and the expression levels of ATP-binding cassette G1(ABCG1)mRNA in yellow feather broilers treated with thermal stress. A total of 90 29-day-old yellow-feathered broilers were randomly divided into 3 treatment groups: Normal temperature control group, thermal stress group and RECC group(thermal stress + basal diet added 0. 03% RECC). The visceral, subcutaneous and intermuscular fats of broilers were collected after 1 and 2 weeks of thermal stress treatment. The size of adipocytes and the expression levels of ABCG1 mRNA in each adipose tissue were determined by qRT-PCR. The results showed that the diameter of adipocytes in visceral, subcutaneous and intermuscular was significantly reduced in the RECC group compared with the control group and the thermal stress group(P<0. 01)after 1 week treated with thermal stress, while the expression level of ABCG1 mRNA was significantly increased(P<0. 05). The diameter of adipocytes in visceral and intermuscular in RECC group was significantly decreased compared with control group and thermal stress group(P<0. 05)after 2 weeks treated with thermal stress; The expression levels of ABCG1 mRNA in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues in RECC group were significantly decreased compared with thermal stress group(P<0. 01). In summary, RECC could inhibit the fat deposition through decreasing the diameters of adipocytes and increasing the level of ABCG1 mRNA in broilers treated with thermal stress for 1 week.Keywords：yellow-feathered broiler;rare earth chitosan chelate salt;thermal stress;adipocytes tissue;ABCG;14|10|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The purpose of this experiment was to explore the effects of different combinations of dietary trace elements on the growth performance, carcass trait and meat quality and provide theoretical and technical support for safe and efficient breeding of yellow-feathered broilers. One-day-old chicks were selected and randomly divided into three groups: Group 1 was similar to NRC(1994)［14］; Group 2 was one typical product in Guangdong; Group 3 was referred to our previous researches. The feeding period was 63 days. The results showed that: Compared with broilers in group 1, the average daily gain and average daily feed intake of broilers in group 3 and group 2 were increased significantly(P<0. 05)at 1-21 days; At the stage of 22-42 days, the final weight of broilers in group 3 was increased significantly(P<0. 05)and the feed weight ratio was decreased significantly(P<0. 05)compared with those in group 1, but there was no significant difference in growth performance between group 1 and group 2(P>0. 05); The final weight of broilers aged 43-63 days in group 3 was significantly higher than that in group 1 and 2(P<0. 05). The half-eviscerated rate of broilers in group 3 was significantly higher than that of group 1(P<0. 05). The analysis of meat quality showed that compared with broilers in group 1, the meat color redness value was increased significantly(P<0. 05)and the drip loss was decreased significantly(P<0. 05)in both group 2 and 3. Furthermore, the shear force in group 2 and the meat color yellowness value in group 3 were decreased significantly(P<0. 05). In conclusion, different dosage combinations of dietary iron, copper, zinc, manganese, selenium and iodine displayed significant effects on the growth performance, carcass trait and meat quality of yellow-feather broilers. The dosage of dietary iron, copper, zinc, manganese, selenium and iodine in group 3 and 2 both improved the growth performance and meat quality of broilers compared with that in group 1. Group 3 was better in promoting growth performance than group 2.Keywords：yellow-feathered broiler;trace element;growth performance;carcass trait;meat quality7|14|3<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to explore the changing laws of indoor environmental factors in solar greenhouses under different natural ventilation modes, and improve the natural ventilation efficiency of solar greenhouses, two different natural ventilation modes were designed including the whole window opening type and the interval window opening type of the rear slope. The greenhouses with the whole rear slope window opening type and the interval rear slope window opening type were respectively recorded as G1 and G2. Compared with the solar greenhouse(G3)using roof ventilation and top ventilation, the greenhouse environment and tomato growth and yield of the above three natural ventilation systems were studied. The results showed that: On a sunny day, the indoor light intensities of G1 and G2 were respectively 26. 34% and 10. 16% higher than that of G3, and the wind speed severance rates of G1, G2 and G3 were 0. 80, 0. 74 and 0. 90, respectively. The average temperatures were respectively 33. 7, 33. 8 and 34. 8 ℃ and the average relative humidity was 47. 15%, 47. 21% and 44. 03%. On a sunny day at 13: 00, the temperature distribution of the plant canopy of G1 and G2 showed the temperature of the south was higher than that of north, while the temperature distribution of the plant canopy of G3 was on the contrary. The yields of tomato in G1 and G2 were 19. 54% and 6. 90% higher than that of G3, respectively. In summary, the overall opening window on the rear slope is optimal.Keywords：solar greenhouse;natural ventilation;rear slope;performance4|11|4<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Aiming at the problem of crusher performance influenced by gas-solid circulation layer in traditional ring-sieve hammer feed crusher, a method combining theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and comminution performance test was used to study the aerodynamic effect of crusher on crushing indoor material particles and the movement law of internal flow field installing special-screen shaped crusher was installed. The impact of crusher's use of special-shaped screen on comminution performance was analyzed. The optimized special-shaped screen were named B1(small arc R1=51 mm), B2(R1=83 mm)and B3(R1=93 mm), respectively. The flow field of three special-shaped screens installed in the comminution chamber was simulated numerically by using hydrodynamic software, and the distribution information of the flow field in the comminution chamber was obtained. Comminution performance test was carried out on CPS-420 crusher with three special-shaped screens under the same working conditions. The effect of different sieves on material grinding was analyzed. The simulation results showed that crusher produced different intensities of eddies in the circulating area of crushing chamber after using segmented circular arc screens, which changed the circulation law of materials and improved the sieving ability of materials. The air flow in the area swept by hammers showed a disorderly distribution, which was conductive to the formation of turbulent motion and thus increases material particle hit probability. The results of comminution performance showed that crusher production efficiency of crusher with B3 sieve in hammer feed crusher were 8. 1% and 16% higher than those of B2 and B1 sieve respectively, and the quality of crushed materials ton per electric energy were 10. 5% and 15% higher than those of B2 and B1 sieve respectively. Temperature rise decreased by 0. 6 and 0. 1 ℃ respectively. In conclusion, the three optimized special-shaped screens can improve crusher's production efficiency, reduce power loss and improve material temperature rise, which has positive significance for designing new special-shaped screens and improving crusher performance of hammer feed.Keywords：crusher;special-shaped screen;numerical simulation;comminution performance2|12|3<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To solve the problems of low automation and lack of autonomous navigation technology for leaf vegetables' field operations, a machine vision based ridge recognition algorithm for leaf vegetables is proposed in this study. The improved super green algorithm(Gray=2Cg-Cr-Cb)is used for gray processing the vegetable map image. The edge of vegetable ridge and boundary are extracted by binary morphological transformation combined with the extraction of connected area. The boundary curve is fitted based on Huber loss function and the navigation datum line is finally obtained. The results of image processing show that: 1)The recognition algorithm proposed in this study has good robustness in different illumination environments, and the success rate of navigation datum extraction under natural integrated illumination is 97. 5%. 2)The navigation datum line obtained based on Huber loss function has an average root mean square error of 0. 668 pixels, and the recognition accuracy is 72. 5% higher than the least square method. The average angle deviation is 0. 273 degree, and the recognition accuracy is 72. 6% higher than the least square method. At the same time, the processing speed of this method is similar to that of the least square method. It is proved that the proposed algorithm can realize ridge recognition and navigation datum extraction of leaf vegetable images under natural illumination conditions.Keywords：leaf vegetable;machine vision;Huber loss function;autonomous navigation8|14|4<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Aiming at the problem of time-consuming and strong stress reaction in traditional sheep size measurement, principal component analysis, random sampling consistency algorithm and an improved region growing method are used to study the measurement of sheep body size parameters based on 3D point cloud. The results show that: 1)The normal vector and curvature of sheep point cloud can be calculated by principal component analysis and random sampling consistency algorithm; 2)The improved region growing method can accurately segment sheep body region and avoid the interference of outliers; 3)The measurement points of sheep body size are selected from the point cloud data to calculate the parameters of body length, body height, hip height and chest depth, and the results are compared with the measured values. The maximum relative error of the four body size parameters is 2. 36%, and the measurement accuracy is relatively high. The experiment proves that the improved region growing method can segment sheep point cloud accurately, and the non-contact measurement of sheep body size parameters can be realized by selected measuring points.Keywords：sheep;point cloud;normal estimation;region growing;body size measurement7|13|10<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To investigate the spatial differentiation characteristics and influencing factors of agricultural modernization level in Gansu Province from 2002 to 2016, an comprehensive evaluation index system is constructed by using multi-index comprehensive evaluation method, spatial autocorrelation and geographical weighted regression model. The results show that: 1)The overall spatial differentiation of agricultural modernization level in Gansu Province is significant and has a high stability, which is high in the north and low in the south, high in the west and low in the east. 2)The horizontal spatial agglomeration trend of agricultural modernization is obvious, and the structure differentiation caused by spatial autocorrelation is significant. Hexi region is a high level agglomeration area, while Longnan region is a low level agglomeration area. The effect of spatial correlation keeps increasing and continues to show the characteristics of spatial stability. 3)The per capita financial expenditure on agricultural mechanization, highway density, total fixed asset investment in the primary industry and per capita savings deposits of urban and rural residents have seriously affected the evolution of spatial pattern of agricultural modernization in Gansu Province. Therefore, a balanced development of agricultural modernization in Gansu Province can be promoted by increasing the financial support for agriculture, optimizing the structural of financial support for agriculture and establishing the backflow mechanism of rural funds.Keywords：agricultural modernization;space-time pattern;influencing factors;Gansu Province5|9|11<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The soil wind erosion modulus in different seasons from 1990 to 2015 in Inner Mongolia Plateau was quantitatively retrieved based on RWEQ model in this study. The differences of soil wind erosion among different seasons were analyzed, and the response threshold of soil erosion to vegetation coverage was revealed. The results showed that: The seasonal variation of soil erosion was significant, and the proportion of soil wind erosion in spring, summer, autumn and winter was 5. 42∶1. 00∶1. 36∶3. 00. Land use/cover conditions had important influence on the soil erosion and obvious differences in different seasons. The soil wind erosion modulus increased after the degradation of vegetation coverage, and conversely reduced the soil wind erosion modulus. Especially in spring, the mutual transformation between moderate grassland and sparse grassland had a significant effect on soil wind erosion; The 75% vegetation coverage could effectively control soil erosion. The effect of sparse vegetation fraction calculation on controlling soil wind erosion in spring and winter was more sensitive than dense vegetation. The soil wind erosion modulus reduced rapidly when the vegetation coverage reached 20%-25%.Keywords：soil wind erosion;seasonal difference;land use/cover;influencing characteristics;response threshold9|10|14<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to explore the reliable means of real-time monitoring of cultivated land productivity and estimate the yield of cultivated land and the cultivated land productivity at the provincial scale, and analyze the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and dynamic changes of NPP(Net Primary Productivity)and production capacity, MODIS Remote sensing data, land use data and other non-remote sensing data-driven VPM models were used to simulate the NPP of cultivated land in Shandong Province. Based on the linear relationship between cultivated land NPP and cultivated crop yield, a linear regression model was used to fit the quantitative relationship between the two to realize the transfer from cultivated land NPP to production capacity. The conversion of NPP to cultivated land productivity, and the spatial and temporal distribution and dynamic characteristics of cultivated land productivity in Shandong Province were evaluated. The main conclusions were as follows: 1)From 2000 to 2015, the average value and total amount of cultivated land NPP in Shandong Province showed a fluctuating upward trend. The average value of cultivated land productivity in the two mature areas of Nanyang Basin in Huanghuai Plain was the highest among the four agricultural divisions, Heze, Liaocheng, Dezhou and Jining. The average NPP of cultivated land in these cities are the highest among the 17 cities. 2)The results by VPM model calculation capacity showed that the total production capacity was on the rise, and the cultivated land with the cultivated land productivity was greater than 14 000 kg/hm2, which was obviously increased. The cultivated land area was less than 12 000 kg/hm2, which was in decrease gradually. The cultivated land productivities of the southwestern plains of Shandong, the northwestern plains of Shandong, the eastern part of Weifang, and the central part of Qingdao were relatively high. The cultivated land capacities in the hilly areas of Shandong Peninsula and the Nanshan area of Shandong Province were in second, and the cultivated land productivity around the Yellow River Delta was the lowest.Keywords：NPP;farmland productivity;VPM model;comprehensive agricultural development;spatial and temporal patter11|10|7<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to reveal the obstacle factors of productivity and improve the crop yield of the reclaimed farmland filled with Yellow River sediment, a filling reclamation area with Yellow River sediment located in Qiuji coal mine, Shandong Province was taken as study object. Analysis was carried out in this study by using questionnaire survey and sampling analysis. The results showed that: 1)The covering soil thickness of reclaimed farmland filled with Yellow River sediment affected the actual wheat yield. With the decrease of covering soil thickness, the actual wheat yield presented a decreasing trend; 2)The contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available phosphorus were positively correlated with the actual wheat yield of farmland in the study area as a whole; 3)The influence of fertilizer application amount on the investigated wheat yield of reclaimed farmland filled with Yellow River sediment was highly unstable; and there was a serious phenomenon that the amount of fertilizer used by the farmers who cultivated the reclaimed farmland was very high and the proportions of fertilizer were unbalanced; 4)There was a significant correlation between the wheat yield and irrigation amount of the two types of farmland in the research area at the level of 0. 01. In conclusion, it is feasible to use Yellow River sediment to fill and reclaim the mining subsidence land in the study area. However, small amount and multiple times of fertilization and irrigation methods should be adopted in the process of cultivation and management of the reclaimed farmland, and the return of crop straw to the field should be taken seriously to fertilize the soil and improve the soil capacity to retain water and fertilizer.Keywords：land reclamation;Yellow River sediment;productivity;obstacle factors;Qiuji coal mine4|15|3<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：From the angle of social security function, the social benefit calculation model of land remediation project was built, which was empirically proved by related data of typical land renovation case and the economic and social statistics of study area. The change trend of two social benefit indexes(the unit construction scale and the social benefit coefficient of invest)were investigated in different regions and different land renovation types. The results showed that: 1)There was significant difference in social benefit of four land renovation types. The trend of the social benefits of the unit construction scale was Rural Construction Land Consolidation>Development of Reserved Land Resources Suitable for Cultivation>Rural Land Consolidation>Land Reclamation. The trend of the social benefit coefficient of invest was: Development of Reserved Land Resources Suitable for Cultivation>Rural Land Consolidation>Rural Construction Land Consolidation>Land Reclamation. 2)There was significant difference in the social benefits of the unit construction scale and the social benefit coefficient of invest. However the two indexes showed the same change tendency generally. 3)The social benefits of four land renovation types showed regional differences. The west and the north were generally better than the east and the south. In conclusion, the calculation model for land security ability, which is based on the standard representation of commercial insurance, could calculate the social benefit of all kinds of land renovation projects more precisely. The model overcomes the deficiency of the traditional social benefit evaluation of land renovation based on scoring or qualitative analysis, and can intuitively reflect the realization degree of the social benefits of land renovation.Keywords：social benefit;land renovation;security4|10|2<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Equivalent factor method and quantitative model were used to calculate the net ecosystem service value of paddy fields in China from 2007 to 2016. The results showed that: 1)In 2016, the total value of paddy ecosystem services in China was 1. 344×1012 yuan, the cost of paddy ecosystem services was 0. 144×1012 yuan, the net value of ecosystem services was 1. 2×1012 yuan, and the average net value of paddy ecosystem services in China was 3 977 yuan/hm2 yuan. 2)From 2007 to 2016, the net value of paddy ecosystem services in China was on the rise. The areas with high net value of rice ecosystem services in China were mainly concentrated in the central and eastern regions, while the northwest regions are relatively low. 3)Anhui was the province with the most serious pollution of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. In conclusion, this study provided reliable references for the establishment of precise ecological compensation mechanism. These provinces should respond to the policy of “saving fertilizer and medicine in agriculture” and carry out targeted rural pollution control and ecological environmental protection work with reference to the ratio of ecological costs in paddy fields.Keywords：paddy field;the value of ecosystem service;ecosystem service cost;ecosystem service cost rate;the net value of ecosystem service6|10|10<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Water transfer from agriculture to non-agriculture(WTAN)is an important policy to alleviate the water competition pressure between agriculture and non-agricultural industries. For systematic evaluation of WTAN, the concept connotation, development context, policy impact and assessment and compensation mechanism of water transfer from agriculture to non-agriculture are systematically sorted, and the enlightenment of foreign water transfer from agriculture to non-agriculture to China's practice is then analyzed. The key research areas of water transfer from agriculture to non-agriculture in the future and its application prospects in China are explored. The results show that: 1)The classification of WTAN is influenced by the demand for non-agricultural water, water-saving efficiency and water resources management system because of the differences in the nature, duration, location, cost and distance of the transfer. 2)The policy effect of WTAN has two sides, and most researches show positive attitude toward its overall effect. The policy effect focuses from the early economic impact to the later social and ecological impact. 3)In the future, river basins or tributaries should be included in the meso-scale research. At the same time, the scientific and accurate methods of policy impact assessment should be improved, and a multi-disciplinary comprehensive analysis perspective should be established.Keywords：water shortage;water transfer from agriculture to non-agriculture;adaptive behavior;policy impact;ecological compensation mechanism5|10|3<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
Labor quality, production scale and farming and grazing households' production technology efficiency
Abstract：In order to analyze the relationship between the quality of labor force and the production technical efficiency of farming and grazing households' technology efficiency, based on the survey data of wool sheep in Xinjiang, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Guizhou and Tibet in 2018, the effect of household labor quality on the technical efficiency of animal husbandry production was analyzed by using threshold model. The results showed that: There were two non-linear interval relationships between human capital and the productive technology efficiency of farming and grazing households' due to differences in scale of cultivation; The younger labor forces were conducive to the improvement of the production technical efficiency, but the aging had no negative effect on the technical efficiency; The variable of female proportion had no significant effect on the production technical efficiency of farming and grazing housedhold. Therefore, withing the scale development of animal husbandry, various forms of education and training should be carried out to improve the scientific and technological level and cultural quality of farmers, the labor quality of rural labor and agricultural production, the improvement of technical efficiency of agricultural production, and ultimately realize the modernization of agriculture.Keywords：farming and grazing household;human capital stock;labor structure;production technology efficiency4|10|2<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27- Abstract：To improve rural education and agricultural total factor productivity has great significance to optimize the development energy of rural area and agriculture. Based on the data of 2001-2016, the spatial interaction effect of rural education human capital and agricultural total factor productivity in China is analyzed by using the spatial simultaneous equation model. The results show that: There is a mutual promotion effect between rural education human capital and agricultural total factor productivity. The effect also has time heterogeneity. The direction of influence of urbanization and marketization on rural education human capital and agricultural total factor productivity is different. The rural educational human capital and agricultural total factor productivity have significant spillover effects under the condition of spatial interaction. In conclusion, it is necessary to implement the strategy of developing agriculture with science and technology, optimize the rural education ecosystem and coordinate rural educational human capital and agricultural total factor productivity to realize the coordinated development.Keywords：rural education;agricultural total factor productivity;spatial interaction;spillover effect;spatial simultaneous equation2|10|3<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To clarify spatial-temporal change characteristics of sesame production in China, based on county-level statistics of national sesame production from 1985 to 2015, the spatial-temporal variations of sesame planting area, production and yield in China were analyzed by using the indexes of concentration, migration of gravity center, production contribution rate, dominance and so on. The results showed that: 1)The production distribution of sesame in China from 1985 to 2015 was consistent with the area distribution, mainly concentrated in the Ta-pieh Mountains and northwest Liaoning Province. The level of the national sesame yield was constantly improving. On the contrary, the planting area has reduced slightly since 2000. Moreover, the variations of production were in a state of obvious fluctuation. 2)In recent 30 years, the national sesame production concentration and area concentration varied little, but the distribution of concentrated areas displayed certain changes. The center of gravity of sesame production and area migrated 252 and 344 km southwest, respectively. 3)The dominant factor of sesame production in China was area, and the proportion ranged from 40. 0% to 49. 9%. The production advantages areas of sesame in China were mainly in Henan, Anhui, Hubei and Jiangxi provinces. In the past 30 years, the variations of sesame production in China were mostly affected by its own characteristics, pests, wet damages and policies. Hence, the sesame cultivation was restricted to some extent. In conclusion, for the production of sesame seeds in China, the key factors are policy tendency, planting structure, seed research and development, and cultivation management.Keywords：sesame;spatio-temporal variations;concentration;migration of gravity center;contribution rate;dominance;ArcGIS5|11|3<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To understand the impact of the animal disease risk awareness on the biosafety behavior of farmers, based on the survey data of 786 pig farmers in Hebei Province, this study established a multivariate orderly Logistic model to study the impact of pig disease risk perception on the biosafety behavior of pig farmers. Breeding scale was introduced as the explanatory variable to analyze the difference in biosafety behavior of pig farmers with different scales. The results showed that: 1)The pig disease risk perception of pig farmers had a significant impact on their biosafety behavior adoption, among which the external environment risk perception had the largest impact, followed by the pig susceptibility risk perception and the risk perception of pig pathogens; 2)The four breeding scales of large, medium, small and retail investors had significant impact on the biosafety behavior of pig farmers, and the preference of biosafety behavior was different under different breeding scales; 3)There was a certain difference in the risk of hog disease among pig farmers of different scales; 4)The pig farmers' biosafety behaviors were affected by their personal characteristics, business characteristics and other factors. In conclusion, this study proposed to strengthen the awareness training of pig epidemic risk, promote the construction of biosafety behavior of pig farmers of different scales, encourage pig farmers to develop in the direction of scale and standardization and cultivate new pig farmers.2|15|3<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
