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- Abstract：In order to provide scientific references and theoretical basis for agricultural sustainable development and sustainable utilization of water resources in Cangzhou City, the methods of water footprint assessment and gray correlation analysis were applied to calculate and analyze the driving factors of agriculture water footprint increasing.Structure, variation characteristics, utilization efficiency, output efficiency and spatial-temporal distribution were considered as driving factors.The results indicated that the agriculture water footprint in Cangzhou City during 1994 to 2004 was increased 1.63 times more than that in 1994.Among which plantation took the largest proportion, and livestock husbandry's total amount and proportion increased continuously.Constitution analysis of water footprint indicated that blue water footprint took the largest proportion of agriculture water footprint in Cangzhou City, showing that irrigation water especially extracted groundwater occupied the dominant position of agricultural water consumption, and agricultural production especially plantation of Cangzhou City relied heavily on groundwater resources.The discrepancy of spatial distribution was apparently different, agriculture water footprint of counties and county-level cities in central were higher in north than those in south.The utilization efficiency and output efficiency of agriculture water footprint in counties and county-level cities of Cangzhou City increased, and specific water footprint production value increased continuously too.The conclusion of gray correlation analysis displayed that the ratio of effective irrigated area, multiple cropping index, and rural population were the driving factors of agricultural water footprint.Keywords：water footprint;Cangzhou City;driving factors;gray relational analysis0|8|2<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To study photosynthetic factors responding to diurnal variation of millet with different ploidies, the interaction models of physiological indices on PFD(photon flux density)of 1 200 μ mol/(m2·s)were constructed.Cultivar of Jingu 21(2x)and its autotetraploid(4x)were taking as study materials.Data were collected from 2013 to 2015.Correlation analysis and stepwise regression analysis were used to explore interactions.Decision coefficients(R2)of photosynthesis factors with environmental factors, which were analyzed by SPSS.18.0 and Microsoft Mathematics V4.0.The results showed that:1) Net photosynthetic rate(Pn)was closely related with intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci), evaporation rate(E)and leaf temperature(T)of different ploidies.Apart from other factors, net photosynthetic rate had direct relation with leaf temperature.Intercellular CO2 concentration effected net photosynthetic rate by leaf temperature.The relative humidity of air displayed little correlation with net photosynthetic rate.The stomatal conductance(Gs)effect net photosynthetic rate by intercellular CO2 concentration, and its main impact factor is relative humidity of air.2) The linear interrelation of photosynthetic factors is significant for diploid millet, but it is the result from synergistic effect of different factors for autotetraploid.In conclusion, the models constructed in this study could simulate the photosynthetic factors responding to diurnal variation of millets having different ploidies.Keywords：diploid of millet;autotetraploid of millet;net photosynthetic rate;path analysis;decision coefficient1|10|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to develop SSR markers and provide powerful tools for the molecular marker-assisted breeding of jute, the SSR loci from transcriptome sequences were searched by MicroSAtellite (MISA) software, and the polymorphism of some SSRs were identified.The result showed that:1) A total of 8 571 locus, which were longer than 1 kb and accounted for 62.47% of the screened Unigenes, were identified from 13 718 Unigenes, resulting in one SSR per 3.47 kb on average;2) Mononucleotide repeat was the most abundant repeat type, accounting for 42.15% of the total number of SSRs.The dinucleotide and trinucleotide repeat were less abundant, which ratio was 14.80% and 16.74%, respectively;3) A total of 880 primers related to lignin synthase gene and MYB transcription factor were designed by Primer 3.0, among which 29 were screened and 8 pairs of primers produced polymorphic bands.The ratio of polymorphic primers was 27.58%.In conclusion, it is feasible to develop SSR molecular markers based on transcriptome sequencing analysis of jute, which could be applied for analyzing genetic diversity, genetic linkage mapping and functional gene mining of jute.0|7|7<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Exploration and establishment of rapid contend determination of cellulose and, hemicellulose and lignin contents during wheat straw compose period based on Near-Infrared reflectance spectroscopy would help to determine crop residue decomposition degree and to realize industrial on-line control.In this study, a prediction model was established for rapid detection of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin combined with partial least squares method using near infrared reflectance spectroscopy by adding compost maturity agent experiment on wheat straw, and the maturity in the process of wheat samples were taken as the research object.The results showed that the near infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy could quickly detect the content of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin in the straw during decomposition process.The calibration correlation coefficient Rcs were respectively 0.976 7, 0.980 5, 0.984 8.The corrected correlation coefficients were 0.984 1, 0.987 2, 0.989 8, respectively.The cross validation correlation coefficient was 0.979 8, 0.989 2, 0.987 3.RPDs were 4.84, 6.57 and 5.75 and were all higher than 3.00 indicating good scaling effects.In summary, the model provided the necessary references for the rapid determination of the degree of straw maturity and industrialization.Keywords：wheat straw;compost;infrared spectrum;cellulose content0|10|4<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To understand the mechanism of Pi transport by phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (Psb), the specific phosphate transport system (Pst) of Psb wj1 was investigated by bioinformatics and compared with that of common bacteria in soil.The prokaryotic expression system of strain wj1 pstS protein was constructed, and the binding rate of the induced pstS protein in Escherichia coli to phosphate was determined by ammonium molybdate spectrophotometric method.The results showed that:The Pst system of phosphate solubilizing bacteria wj1 was composed of pstS, pstC, pstA, pstB and phoU, which were sequentially distributed on the chromosome, and the structure of Pst system of most common bacteria in soil was similar;The pstS protein with signal peptide located in the extracellular was consisted of two globular domains;Compared with pstS protein of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the crack between two globular domains was the active center of the protein, and the amino acid residues involved in Pi specific binding site were found.The phosphate binding rate of recombinant E.coli was dramatically increased, indicating that the phosphate solubilizing bacteria wj1 pstS protein had the ability of binding Pi, and the binding rate of pstS to Pi decreased when Pi concentration in solution was increased and the concentration of bacteria remained the same.Keywords：phosphate solubilizing bacteria;phosphate specific transport;pstS protein;phosphate binding rate0|9|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：New continuous reblooming daylilies were cultivated by adopting the high ornamental characters sof Hemerocallis ‘Stella De Oro’.Reciprocal crosses between H.‘Stella De Oro’ and 26 different parents (once flowering/continuous reblooming daylilies) were designed and conducted.Among which, the characteristics and variation of 9 crosses' F1, were determined.All characters displayed variation except the flower type.The number of flowers was the most distinguished, next were leaf type and plat tape, the least was flower type.It was beneficial to gain continuous reblooming varieties with higher height, more flowers and more land cover power.Understandings obtained in this study would provide guidance for the breeding of continuous rebloom daylilies further.Keywords：Hemerocallis;continuous reblooming;crossing breeding;ornamental characters2|10|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The experiments of three types of bio-control microorganism (Streptomyces enissocaesilis(509), Penicillium griseofulvum (CF3) and Streptomyces pactum (Act12)) on the growth of host plant sunflower and the inhibition of sunflower broomrape seed germination were conducted under the laboratory potted tray and two years rain shed pot experiment condition.The results indicated that:1) Under CF3 and Act12 treatments, the number of broomrape shoot coming up out of the ground and the total number of broomrape shoot were all decreased significantly.For Xinkui No.6, the inhibition effect of CF3 on broomrape parasitism reached 74.4%, Act12 was 68.7% and 509 was 53.0%;2) Under the stress of broomrape parasitism, the biomass of bio-control microorganism sunflower increased, and its root-shoot ratio also increased.Compared with the control, the increase in water content was significant, and the water content of bio-control microorganism treated sunflower aboveground and root were all over 70%.This study demonstrated that CF3 and Act12 displayed potential for the biocontrol of sunflower broomrape.Keywords：brobiotics;sunflower;germination;water content;root-shoot ratio;biocontrol9|11|2<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To explore the paternal genetic structure of Qaidam cattle (Bos taurus), the genetic diversity and background were investigated at molecular level.By using 8 male Dabieshan zebu as experimental control, the polymorphism of Y chromosome ZFY-10 marker in 106 Qaidam cattle was analyzed based on PCR amplification and direct sequencing.The results showed that:1) The variations identified by ZFY-10 marker could be used to distinguish Bos taurus haplogroup Y1 and Y2, and Bos indicus haplogroup Y3;2) The polymorphism of GT insert/deletion on ZFY-10 marker indicated that Qaidam cattle owned Y1 and Y2 taurine haplogroups with frequencies of 0.217 and 0.783, respectively.In Qaidam cattle breed, the frequencies of haplogroup Y2 in populations of Dachaidan, Wulan, Golmud, Mangya and Dulan were 1.000, 0.933, 0.907, 0.650 and 0.522 respectively, while the frequencies of haplogroup Y1 were 0, 0.067, 0.093, 0.350 and 0.478 respectively, indicating that the populations of Mangya and Dulan had a higher proportion of Y1 haplogroup;3) The total haplotype diversity of Qaidam cattle was 0.343 0±0.045 6.In Qaidam cattle breed, the haplotype diversities in populations of Dachaidan, Wulan, Golmud, Mangya and Dulan were 0, 0.133 3, 0.172 8, 0.478 9 and 0.521 7, respectively.In conclusion, variations on Y chromosome ZFY-10 marker could be used to determine the composition and origin of patrilineal branches in cattle.Qaidam cattle has two patrilineal branches with two paternal origins and had relatively lower paternal genetic diversity.Compared with Dachaidan, Wulan and Golmud populations, Dulan and Mangya populations had higher paternal genetic diversity in Qaidam cattle breed, showing that these two populations owned abundant genetic variations.Keywords：Qaidam cattle;Y chromosome;ZFY-10;haplogroup;genetic diversity;paternal origin2|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to explore the biological characteristics and expression of Morf4l1 gene in reindeer.RT-PCR and molecular cloning were used to obtain the cDNA of Morf4l1 .Based on the information of Morf4l1 cDNA, a series of bioinformatics analysis was carried out.The results showed that:1) The full length of reindeer Morf4l1 CDS of was 972 bp, which encoded 323 amino acids.2) Morf4l1 protein was a hydrophilic protein of 37.20 ku without transmembrane structure, and its secondary structure was mainly β -sheet.3) The amino acids sequence of Morf41 protein was compared with that of 18 other species, the overall similarity was ranged 85% to 100%.The highest was white tail deer of 100% and the lowest was Raw chicken of 85%.Other species such as cattle, sheep with reindeer close relatives, their highest similarity reached 99%;Through the phylogenetic tree analysis, it was found that reindeer Morf411 was highly conserved during the evolution, and the genetic distances among species were not more than 0.035.4) The fluorescence quantitative analysis showed that expression of Morf4l1 gene in the epidermis of female reindeer top antler was 2.127±0.032 times more than in the male.In conclusion, reindeer Morf4l1 gene was highly conserved during evolution and was an important for antler development.Its expression was affected by sex of reindeer.Keywords：reindeer;Morf4l1;gene;cloning of cDNA;bioinformatics analysis;gene expression0|8|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The aim of this study was to understand the resistance to antibacterial drugs and the florfenicol resistance genes of Staphylococcus strains derived from pets in Urumqi, Xinjiang.A total of 154 strains of staphylococci were isolated and identified from pets of a pet hospital in Urumqi.The minimum inhibitory concentrations of Staphylococcus from fecal samples were determined by agar dilution method to 10 selected antimicrobial drugs.And quinolones-resistance gene (norA), macrolide-linergenines-resistance gene (ermB), tetracycline-resistance genes (tetA and tetM), beta-lactam-resistance genes (mecA and femA) and florfenicol-resistance genes (cfr, fexA and fexB) were detected by PCR.The results showed that the ratio of staphylococcus strains resistant to oxacillin, tetracycline, levofloxacin and florfenicol was over 50%.The multidrug resistance test results revealed that the resistance strains were mainly resistant to 4-5 drugs, and had a wide range of spectrum.The detection rates of fexA was 31.2% and followed by ermB (26.7%).cfr, fexB and tetA genes weren't detected.In conclusion, the results showed that resistance and multidrug resistance of pet derived Staphylococcus were existed widely and the detection rate of fexA resistance gene was the highest, suggesting that situation of pet source Staphylococcus resistance was serious.The rational use of antibiotics should be based on drug susceptibility testing and genetic testing results, and it was necessary to strengthen Staphylococcus drug-resistance monitoring.0|7|2<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Freezing storage is common option among the existing methods of long term preservation for shrimp products.Glazing, which is used to reduce the impact on quality resulting from cold storage deterioration, becomes an important quality and economic factor in seafood industry.In order to elucidate the influence of glazing on the Pacific white shrimp's quality during the frozen storage, the shrimp are glazing with water or tea polyphenols.The color, cooking loss, water distribution, water soluble protein content, disulfide bond content and carbonyl content and fluorescence intensity of shrimp are determined.The results showed that:With the extension of storage time, its water holding property is decreasing.And the cooking losses in 24 weeks were increased to 16.47%, 13.42% and 14.03%;The color of treatment group and control group has significant difference (P<0.05);Disulfide bond content and carbonyl content are increasing;The fluorescence intensity was decreased to 45.86%, 37.78% and 35.38% at 24 weeks;The protein denaturation of the treatment group are significantly better than the control group (P<0.05), and the addition of tea polyphenols could better reduce the degree of protein oxidation.Keywords：Pacific white shrimp;frozen storage;glazing;tea polyphenols0|9|4<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Aiming at the possible effect of climate change on agriculture, adaption to mitigate the negative effects needs to be addressed.The climate change and meteorological drought projections under 1.5 and 2.0℃ global warming in Anhui Province are quantified using meteorological drought composite index (MCI) by 5 general circulation models (GCMs) under 3 representative concentration pathways (RCPs) of the fifth coupling model comparison scheme (CMIP5).At the same time, the uncertainties of estimated impacts from GCMs structure and RCPs scenarios are estimated and compared quantitatively further.The results indicate that there is a trend of warm and humid Anhui Province will tend to be in the future.The annual average temperature of Anhui province will increase by 1.8 and 2.3℃ compared to pre-industrial under 1.5 and 2.0℃ global warming respectively.The warming magnitude will be higher than the global average.High temperature events will increase substantially, while the rainstorm events will increase under 1.5℃ global warming period and decrease at 2.0℃.Analysis on future changes indicates that the meteorological drought will continue and aggravate, and this will be more profound in the dry season compared with the wet season.The drought events will increase dramatically under global warming, especially under 2.0℃ global warming.The ensemble mean annual meteorological drought events will increase consistent with the increased precipitation under 1.5 and 2.0℃ global warming.The estimated monthly meteorological drought events distribution could be unchanged with the drought events in autumn ranks the first, in summer the second and in winter and spring the least.There are big uncertainties in estimated precipitation and drought events, especially under 2.0℃ global warming period, which constrained mainly by GCMs structure.To adapt or mitigate these negative effects, the ability to combat climate change by adjusting the layout of agriculture, strengthening the construction of agricultural infrastructure and breeding new varieties.Keywords：global warming;climate change;meteorological drought;Anhui Province1|9|2<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The aim of this study was to investigate the transpiration of Hippophae rhamnoides Linn.and its response to environmental factors.H.rhamnoides Linn.afforestation in the soft sandstone area of Ordos, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region was taken as study object.The correlation between flow rate and daily changes of the surrounding environment factors was studied by using SF60 stem flow meter and HOBO small weather station from 9th August to 15th August.The results showed that:1) The transpiration rate of H.rhamnoides Linn.displayed a obvious diurnal variation.And the transpiration rate during the day was much higher than that at night.There was a slightly steady tree flow at night.2) The diurnal variation trend of transpiration rate changed with environmental factors.And the diurnal variation showed an obvious fluctuation, and there was a time-lagging effect.The transpiration rate of flow was closely related to environmental factors, which was positively correlated with air temperature, wind speed, 10cm ground temperature, water vapor pressure deficit and negatively with the relative air humidity.3) The regression equation of transpiration rate of H.rhamnoides Linn.with each environmental factor was Vs=-0.007-0.004V-0.025Tb+0.679VPD+0.155Rs+0.011RH+0.207Ta, where Vs is the transpiration rate (kg/h), V is the wind speed (m/s), Ta is the air temperature (℃), VPD is the water vapor pressure deficit (kPa), RH is the air relative humidity (%), Rs is the solar radiation (W/m2), Tb is the ground temperature (℃) of 10 cm soil layer.And the coefficient R2 is 0.971.These results provided scientific basis for the rational utilization of water resources and vegetation construction in soft sandstone area.0|8|8<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To investigate the temporal-spatial variation characteristics of typical farming-pastoral transitional zones in China, Chen Barag Banner, Inner Mongolia was taking as study area.Based on the MODIS NDVI remoting sensing images from 2000 to 2016, the temporal-spatial characteristics of vegetation coverage in Chen Barag Banner area were quantified and quantitatively analyzed by using MVC, pixel decomposition model, linear regression model, T test and other methods.The results showed that the vegetation coverage in the study area was influenced by effectors including climate, topography and human.The spatial distribution characteristics of high to low from the east to west were discovered.The overall vegetation coverage displayed a fluctuant decrease over the past 17 years, and the average vegetation coverage was decreased from 58.81% in 2000 to 48.14% in 2016.The area of vegetation coverage was reduced by 55.66%, which was mainly in the areas of Baorixiletown, Bayankurentown and Evenk Ethnic Sumu.This study would provide data support for quantitative assessment of the cumulative effects on regional ecological change.Keywords：MVC;pixel decomposition model;vegetation coverage;temporal-spatial analysis;linear regression model;dynamic monitoring0|9|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To explore the feasibility of monitoring nitrogen elements in beet canopy leaves based on digital imaging, field experiments with different planting schemes were carried out in Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia on 2014.To examine the effects of N status on beet growth and color information, four N treatments ranging from 0 to 163 kg/hm2 were applied for growing season.Digital images of beet grown under different nitrogen application rates were taken for several times during the whole growth stage.Meanwhile, the beet plants were sampled to measure leaf nitrogen content (LNC).Digital image processing technology was used to extract image color information including the values of red, green, and blue light, and 9 color indices such as R/B, G/B were computed.In searching key growth stages and the best color parameters suitable for monitoring nitrogen nutrition of beet, correlation between the above color indices with beet LNC was analyzed, and the change regulation of canopy LNC with nitrogen application rate was studied.LNC prediction model of beet canopy was established using support vector machine(SVM)and back-propagation artificial neural network(BP-ANN)respectively.The results indicated that the BP-ANN model has higher and more stable prediction accuracy.The R2 and RMSE of verification set were 0.74 and 2.35, respectively.Compared with the SVM model, the R2 of BP-ANN increased by 12.12%, and RMSE was reduced by 8.09% respectively.Above results indicated that digital image processing technique could be used for the non-destructive diagnosis of crop nitrogen nutrition.Keywords：beet;nutrition monitoring;color parameter;leaf nitrogen concentration;digital image0|8|1<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：During the operation process of the fertilization trencher, the operation information detection plays an important role in production.An operation information remote monitoring system of orchard fertilization trencher is developed to detect trench depth, fuel consumption, operation time and operation distance.The system is based on inertial sensor technology, data processing technology, network communication technology and consists of two parts including operation information detection device and remote monitoring network platform.The operation information detection device possesses sensors, data acquisition module and wireless transmission module.Microcontroller, the core of data acquisition module, is used to detect and process data from sensors and send the data to wireless transmission module.Then wireless transmission module transfers data to remote monitoring network platform by GPRS.The remote monitoring network platform provides operation information of trenchers to realize remote-monitor.Among operation information mentioned above, this paper focuses on detection of trench depth.Two inertial sensors are utilized to detect pitching angles of trencher and tractor with respect to horizontal plane.Then trench depth can be obtained with angle difference of two pitching angles and relative structure sizes of trencher.Because of the machine vibration, filtering model is built to diminish detect error of trench depth and simulation is carried out to find effect of filtering parameter Q/R rate by means of MATLAB.In field test, filtering effect is validated firstly and detection error of trench depth is with 5%.Besides, the system realizes remote-monitor of trench operation information, which verifies the capability of the system.Keywords：trencher;operation information;trench depth;filtering;remote-monitor1|11|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The dynamic process of conveying particles of U-shaped tube screw conveyor and circular tube screw conveyor was studied by the combination of experiment and discrete element method.The results showed that:1) There was mass accumulation fluctuation in the conveying of particles with U-shaped tube screw conveyor and circular tube screw conveyor, and the fluctuation gradually decreased with the increase of rotating speed and inclination angle;2) The efficiency of the U-shape tube was higher than round tube at 0-60°.However, the efficiency of the round tube exceeds the U-shape tube under the inclination angle was larger than 60°.Besides, the relationship between transport efficiency and rotational speed was no-linear, which remained stable after rotational speed exceeded an upper limit value;3) Particles at the feed hopper displayed larger compressive forces than those at other places, and the circular tube was larger than the U-shape tube in feed hopper, which increased the rotational speed and the particles compressive force tended to be stable.Keywords：screw conveyor;particle;discrete element method;numerical simulation;U-shape tube0|12|4<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Because of the shortage of long-distance transmission channel of Gansu provincial distributed PV energy, heavily concentrated grid-connected PV power impacts the reliability and stability of rural power grid.In order to solve this problem, the traditional agricultural greenhouse in Gansu Province and its energy supply system are intelligently reformed.A PV intelligent agricultural greenhouse micro energy grid based on time-shifting agricultural load is built.An accurate calculation model for microsource and thermal load in greenhouse is constructed.The results showed that the economic dispatch model of micro energy grid is solved by the second-order oscillating culture particle swarm optimization algorithm of learning factor.This study compares the scheduling outputs of microsource before and after time-shifting control of agricultural load and the daily integrated cost.The simulation proves that the scheduling of the time-shifting load can reduce the system daily integrated cost.The cost is reduced by 7.3%.The proposed model and algorithm can effectively realize the economical and rational utilization of various energy flows.Keywords：intelligent agricultural greenhouse;micro energy grid;second-order oscillating culture particle swarm optimization algorithm;time-shifting agricultural load4|10|8<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To identify the substitution relationships between different agricultural factors and their degree against the background of rapidly rising labor price, a translog production model was applied to evaluate of the output and substitution elasticity of the main factors based on the panel data of 15 major wheat producing provinces from 1981-2016.The results showed that:Firstly, agricultural machinery and fertilizer could effectively substitute labor and increase the wheat yield.Secondly, machinery was a better substitute for labor than fertilizer.Finally, the substitution degree of machinery for labor and its promoting in the plain area was consistently higher than the non-plain area.In conclusion, the institutional restriction should be broken for fast boosting mechanization and make advance on the research and innovation of machinery technology according to circumstances.Keywords：labor price rising;factor substitution;substitution elasticity;output elasticity;agricultural mechanization0|7|6<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to explore the similarities and differences of carbon emission efficiency changes of rice under different cropping patterns, the carbon efficiency of rice producing provinces in China from 2002 to 2014 was studied by using the method of carbon emission accounting and DEA-SBM model.The results showed that:1) Compared with the DEA-SBM model considering "undesirable output" the traditional DEA-CCR model overestimated the efficiency of agricultural carbon emissions;2) During the research period, although most of the provinces and municipalities in China didn't reach Pareto effective, their carbon emission efficiency showed a rising trend;3) Furthermore, rice was divided into early, mid and late season categories and their carbon emission efficiency values were respectively calculated.It was found that the efficiency of single cropping (mid-season rice) is significantly higher than that of double cropping (early and late rice), indicating that rice system displayed impact on the carbon efficiency of rice production.Based on the results above, a policy implication to improve the efficiency of emission efficiency of rice and therefore to reach the goal of low carbon and cycle development in agriculture was proposed in this study.Keywords：rice;carbon emission efficiency;DEA-SBM model;rice planting patterns5|7|7<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The aim of this study is to understand the law that how rural-households' differentiation affects farmers adoption of environment-friendly technology.Based on 554 survey samples of Jiangxi Province, by taking soil testing formula fertilization technology as an example, an Ordered-Probit model is used to analyze the influence of farmers' differentiation on their adoption behavior of environment-friendly technology.The results show that:1) The rural-household differentiation has significant impact on farmer's adoption of environment-friendly technology.The adoption of environment-friendly technologies is reduced with the increasing of the proportion of non-farm income.2) There are differences in the factors influencing the adoption behavior of environment-friendly technology for different differentiation degree of farmers.Farmers' age and their economic ability of learning technology do not change due to farmers' differentiation.The older the farmers are, the lower their economic capacity is and the less their intention to adopt environment-friendly technology.The farmers' education level, the proportion of non-agricultural labor force, the degree of scattered land, soil testing services and the cognition of non-point source pollution decrease with the increasing of the proportion of non-farm income.The evaluation of technical application effect, ability to understand technology and availability of technology are increased with the increasing of the proportion of non-agricultural income.Keywords：rural-household differentiation;environment-friendly technology;soil testing and formulated fertilization;adoption behavior;influencing factors4|9|22<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The adoption of environment friendly technology is of great significance to the sustainable development of agriculture in China.In order to understand the farmers' willingness to adopt environment friendly technology, an ordered logistic model was introduced to analysis farmers' willingness to adopt environment friendly technology based on the survey data in rural areas of Hubei Province and the theory of planned behavior.This study revealed that:1) About 80.73% of farmers expressed their willingness to adopt environment friendly technology and technology income expectation was the key factor on farmers' adoption willingness.2) The attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control had a significant influence on farmers' adoption intention, and technology income expectation, neighborhood effects and degree of difficulty in technical learning had a positive impact on the farmers' adopt willingness in particular.3) Based on the above different qualification, the factors influencing farmers' adoption intention were heterogeneous:Planting scale had a stronger influence on farmers with high expected income to adopt environment friendly technology;The degree of difficulty in technical learning had a greater influence on farmers affected more by neighbors;For farmers who thought technology learning was difficult, the technical assistance from agricultural extension department providing was an important factor.In conclusion, the government should expand technology training and popularization, make differentiated encouraging policies for technology adoption and promote the promotion and implementation of environmentally friendly technology.Keywords：environment friendly technology;adoption intention;peasant household;influencing factor;planned behavior theory0|7|20<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To explore the game theory between different subjects after individual reputation effect was taken into rural collective action, the cooperative game equilibrium mechanism between individual farmer and the rural cooperative organization was investigated using research methods of game theory.The results showed that:Under the repeated game environment caused by restricting the withdrawal of members, as long as establishing the reasonable mechanism of supervision and punishment, the reputation effectively activated the constraint of opportunistic behavior or free-riding behavior about members of cooperatives and individual farmers, which could promote the of sound collective action of individual farmers with rural cooperative organization.Keywords：reputation effect;collective action;cooperative game;farmer;rural cooperative organization0|7|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To identify the evolution characteristics of the industrial structure of 33 typical animal husbandry banners in Inner Mongolia, the industrial structure evolution in the past 70 years was analyzed.The evolution characteristics of pastoral areas in Inner Mongolia from 1993 to 2015 were then investigated by using the SSM and other key indicators.The results indicated that:The evolution was consistent with "Petty-Clark theorem", but was relatively backward.The pastoral policy was the main driving force;The quality of the first industrial structure was low, the original competitive advantage of the second industry was weakened, and the third industry was more and more capable of driving economic development;The output structure and employment structure were asymmetry.Finally, it was proposed in this study that pastoral areas should be evolved from "231" directly to "312" structure.And the government should formulate industrial policy meeting the characteristics of the pastoral area and the grassland ecosystem.Keywords：Inner Mongolia;typical animal husbandry banners;industrial structure evolution;characteristics;Shift-Share Method0|9|1<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
