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- Abstract：In order to optimize the crop planting structure, this study systematically quantified water requirements of ten staple crops, including winter wheat, spring cotton, spring maize, summer millet, summer soybean, spring mung bean, in Xingtai City, Hebei Province from 1965 to 2018 using SIMETAW model. Further, 11 kinds of cropping systems were established based on the local precipitation, water resource, length of crop growing season, crop growth characteristics and their agronomy traits, and the water requirements of these 11 crop rotations were compared. The results showed that: 1)The order of water requirement(ETc)in crop growing season was spring cotton(515. 2 mm)>winter wheat(466. 6 mm)>spring maize(424. 9 mm)>spring oil sunflower(420. 0 mm)>spring sweet potato(362. 1 mm)>spring potato(354. 2 mm)>summer soybean(313. 9 mm)>summer maize(298. 7 mm)>spring mung bean(288. 1 mm)>summer millet(217. 5 mm). 2)Winter wheat had the greatest required irrigation water(ETaw)of 329. 2 mm, while summer millet had the smallest ETaw of 82. 8 mm. The order of crop ETaw was winter wheat > spring-sown crop > summer-sown crop. 3)The conventional winter wheat-summer maize(WS)double cropping system had the highest annual ETc, ranging at 753. 4-780. 3 mm. Compared to the conventional WS rotation, the diversified cropping systems significantly reduced the annual ETc by 15%-34% and the annual ETaw by 9%-32%. Spring maize-winter wheat-summer maize, spring maize-winter wheat-summer millet, spring sweet potato-winter wheat-summer maize, spring sweet potato-winter wheat-summer millet rotations had the lower ETc and ETaw. Spring mung bean-summer millet double cropping system had both the lowest ETc(504. 4 mm)and ETaw(286. 8 mm). Therefore, development of the water-saving cropping system is the promising option to mitigate the groundwater decline and maintain the food production.Keywords：crop evapotranspiration;required irrigation water;water-saving cropping systems;crop rotations′ water requirement;Xingtai City3|9|4<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to clarify the distribution of allele of TaLox-B locus in spring wheat germplasm resources in different regions at domestic and abroad, this study used the developed functional gene markers LOX16, LOX18 and LOX-B23 to detect the molecular markers of 154 domestic Xinjiang spring wheat local varieties and 83 abroad spring wheat varieties. The results showed that: The distribution frequencies of alleles TaLox-B1a, TaLox-B2a and TaLox-B3a related to high LOX activity at TaLox-B1, TaLox-B2 and TaLox-B3 loci in 237 spring wheat varieties were 8. 0%, 93. 2% and 86. 1%, and the distribution frequencies of the alleles TaLox-B1b, TaLox-B2b and TaLox-B3b associated with low LOX activity were 92. 0%, 6. 8% and 13. 9%. Among the local varieties of spring wheat in the four major ecological zones in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, no excellent allelic variation TaLox-B1a was found in the tested materials in eastern Xinjiang and Yili River Valley. However, the distribution frequency of excellent allelic TaLox-B2a and TaLox-B3a were as follows: Eastern Xinjiang>Northern Xinjiang>Southern Xinjiang>Yili River Valley. Among the tested varieties of spring wheat varieties in different regions abroad, the distribution frequency of excellent allelic variation TaLox-B1a was as follows: European>African>American>Asian. The analysis of 3 loci genotype combinations indicated that there are 5 kinds of genotypes combinations existed in the spring wheat varieties used in this study: TaLox-B1a/TaLox-B2a/TaLox-B3a or TaLox-B1b/TaLox-B2a/TaLox-B3a, TaLox-B1a/TaLox-B2a/TaLox-B3b or TaLox-B1b/TaLox-B2a/TaLox-B3b and TaLox-B1b/TaLox-B2b/TaLox-B3b. They were associated with the high, medium and low LOX activity, and the distribution frequencies were 86. 1%、7. 2% and 6. 7%, respectively. Among the local varieties of spring wheat in the four major ecological regions of Xinjiang, the materials in eastern Xinjiang were all detected as having the high LOX active gene combination TaLox-B1b/TaLox-B2a/TaLox-B3a. Among the tested varieties of spring wheat varieties in different regions abroad. The tested materials in the Americas had the high LOX activity gene combinations TaLox-B1a/TaLox-B2a/TaLox-B3a or TaLox-B1b/TaLox-B2a/TaLox-B3a were 13. 8% and 69. 0%, respectively, which higher than other regions abroad.Keywords：spring wheat;lipoxygenase;allelic detection;functional markers;marker-assisted selection(MAS)2|9|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to clarify the effects of annual nitrogen fertilizer operation on the yield composition and flag leaf photosynthetic characteristics of wheat in Shandong Province. Using corn ‘Zhengdan 958' and wheat ‘Taishan 28' as materials, annual field nitrogen fertilizer operation experiment was conducted in the growing season of 2016-2018. Three nitrogen application levels were set for maize: 113(E1), 181(E2)and 249 kg/hm2(E3), and four nitrogen application levels were set for wheat: 90(F1), 135(F2), 180(F3)and 225 kg/hm2(F4). The SPAD value, transpiration rate(Tr), stomatal conductance(Ci)and net photosynthetic rate(Pn)of ‘Taishan 28' leaf were determined and analyzed under different nitrogen fertilizer operation conditions, and the effects of annual nitrogen operation on the grain yield and yield composition of ‘Taishan 28' were analyzed. The results showed that when maize nitrogen application rate was E1, SPAD, Tr, Ci, Pn and yield composition of ‘Taishan 28' flag leaf increased with the increase of wheat season nitrogen application rate, and the difference of wheat nitrogen application rate was significant. Under the nitrogen application rates of both E2 and E3, SPAD, Tr, Ci, Pn and yield components of ‘Taishan 28' flag leaf all increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application in wheat season. The two-year results showed that the average yield of ‘Taishan 28' under E2F3 treatment was 9 453. 15 kg/hm2, which was 24. 56% higher than the minimum nitrogen fertilizer operation. Through path analysis, it was found that the spike number, grain number per spike and 1 000-grain weight under the annual fertilization mode had a more significant influence on the yield of ‘Taishan 28' than other fertilization modes. In conclusion, the nitrogen application amount of 181 kg/hm2 in maize and 180 kg/hm2 in wheat season were reasonable nitrogen application under the planting conditions of ‘Taishan 28' anniversary.Keywords：nitrogen fertilizer;wheat;Taishan 28;photosynthesis;yield3|10|1<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to study the effect of the content of millet vegetable oils on the sensory quality of millet porridge, 11 millet varieties with significant differences in millet color were used to determine the content of vegetable oils components, sensory evaluation and identification was then conducted on sensory index of millet porridge made from them. Transcriptome expression data of enzyme genes upstream of vegetable oils compounds synthesis pathway in grain filling of three millet varieties at S2 and S4 periods were analyzed and the correlation analysis between sensory quality of millet porridge, millet color and content of vegetable oils component were carried out. The results showed that: 1)Five genes maight further affect the sensory quality of millet porridge by controlling the synthesis of vegetable oils composition. 2)The sensory quality was significant positive correlation with myristic acid, cis-11-hexadecenoic acid and 2, 4-di-tert-butylphenol. The sensory quality of millet porridge was improved by increasing the contents of myristic acid, cis-11-hexadecenoic acid and 2, 4-di-tert-butylphenol in millet grain. The sensory quality was negatively correlated with octadecanoic acid, α-linolenic acid, arachidic acid, tricosanoic acid absolute, R2 were -0. 31, -0. 23 and -0. 29, respectively.Keywords：foxtail millet;vegetable oils;sensory quality;correlation analysis;candidate gene5|10|1<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to explore the application technology and effect of tomato stem recycling, tomato stem aerobic fermentation extract(EX1)and tomato stem anaerobic fermentation extract(EX2)were used to culture tomato in water, and Yamasaki nutrient solution was used as control(CK)to analyze the growth morphology of plant, fruit nutritional quality and volatile compounds of tomato. The results showed that: 1)The plant height, stem diameter, leaf area and biomass of EX1 and EX2 treatments were lower than those of CK treatmen. The soluble solids, sugar acid ratio, soluble protein and vitamin C of EX1 and EX2 treatments were better than those of CK treatment, and EX2 treatment was the best; 2)The number of volatile compounds detected in EX1, EX2 and CK treatments were 39, 34 and 27, respectively; 3)The total contents of volatile compounds in EX1, EX2 and CK treatments were 1 403. 35, 1 931. 10 and 1 368. 40 μg/kg, respectively; 4)The total amount of characteristic volatile compounds in EX1, EX2 and CK treatments were 953. 82, 1 256. 60 and 1 055. 06 μg/kg, respectively. The results showed that the growth of tomato in hydroponic culture with tomato stem extract was slightly weak, but the culture could significantly improve the fruit nutrition and flavor quality. In conclusion, this study, to a certain extent, provides method for the effective use of tomato stem, and a theoretical reference for other vegetable stem resource technology, which has broad prospects.Keywords：tomato stem;extract;hydroponics;flavor quality of tomato;GC-MS5|11|1<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To explore the influencing factors of cow temperaments and its influence on daily milk yield(DMY)and somatic cell score(SCS)in Holstein, the milking temperament score and subjective temperament score from 1 100 lactating cows in two herds in Beijing were collected from July to August in 2019. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the factors affecting temperament. Generalize linear model(GLM)was used to analyze the impact of the temperament on DMY and SCS. In addition, the correlation between different temperament scores was calculated by calculating rank correlation coefficient. The results showed that there was a significant correlation between stepping score and kicking speed score(P<0. 01), but the correlation coefficient was small(r=0. 208 7). Subjective temperament score and milking temperament score were not associated(P>0. 05). There were differences in temperament scores distribution in two herds. The influencing factors of different temperament scoring methods were different. For stepping score, temperament score of cows more than 3 births was more gentle. For kicking score, cows in the fourth milking stage(306-500 d)were more irritable. For the subjective temperament score, with increasing days in milk(DIM), the temperament of cattle was more gentle; There was a significant association between kicking score and DMY(P<0. 01), and the cows with the kick score of 2 points had the highest daily milk production, that is, cows with moderate temperament had better yields. The temperament scores of both dairy cows had no significant effect on somatic cell score. (P>0. 05). In conclusion, the correlation between the temperament scores of daily cows is low, and different temperament traits reflect different aspects of dairy cow's temperament under different environmental conditions. Therefore, the improvement of milking temperament is helpful to improve management and economic efficiency on the farm, which provides a theoretical basis for the incorporation of temperament into China Performance Index(CPI)and ultimately realizing balanced breeding of dairy cows.Keywords：Holstein;temperament score;daily milk yield;somatic cell score4|9|1<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to screen the internal reference genes stably expressed in chicken, the local Gushi chicken of 6, 14, 22, and 30-week-old and the commercial variety Ross 308 of 6-week-old were used as experimental animals. Using B2M, 28S, GAPDH, β-actin and HSP70 as candidate reference genes, the relative expression levels of these five candidate reference genes were determined by qRT-PCR. by the three softwares(geNorm, NormFinder and SPSS)and Ct value analysis. The best internal reference genes were screened out in different tissues, different development stages and different varieties. The results showed that 28s was the best internal reference gene in different tissues of chicken; GAPDH was the best internal reference gene in different development stages; GAPDH and 28s were the best combination of internal reference genes in different chicken varieties. In summary, the best internal reference genes under experimental conditions were identified in this study, which provided a reference for standardizing the use of internal reference genes in chicken genes for quantitative expression analysis.Keywords：chicken;internal reference gene;geNorm;NormFinder3|9|2<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to explore the relationship between the expression pattern of circRNA in thoracic and leg muscle of Jingyuan chicken and the specific deposition of inosine monphosphate(IMP)in muscle tissue, the whole transcriptome sequencing of the thoracic and leg muscle of 180-day-old Jingyuan chicken with the same genetic background was carried out by RNA-seq. Then, the sequencing data were spliced, compared, annotated and differentially analyzed. The GO function and KEGG signal pathway enrichment analysis of differentially expressed circRNA and mRNA were carried out. qRT-PCR technology was used to verify the expression level of transcriptome results. The results showed that a total of 3 283 circRNA were screened and 242 circRNA were tissue-specific. Using |log2 fold change|≥1, P<0. 05 as screening conditions, 446 differential circRNA, 1 100 DEGs and 36 differential miRNA were obtained. The GO function and KEGG signal pathway enrichment analysis of differentially expressed circRNA and mRNA were carried out. They were significantly enriched in glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathway and adrenaline signal transduction in cardiomyocytes, and differential circRNA was significantly enriched in purine metabolic pathway. DEGs was significantly enriched in amino acid biosynthesis, pentose phosphate pathway, alanine, aspartic acid and glutamate metabolism and were highly related to IMP synthesis. The target genes of differential circRNA were predicted, the visual co-expression network of circRNA-miRNA-mRNA was constructed, and the post-transcriptional regulatory factors with novel_circ_0013580, novel_circ_0012931, novel_circ_0011886, novel_circ_0013588, novel_circ_0007737 and novel_circ_0008274 as the core and the target genes with PKM2 and GART as the core were screened. Targeted gene analysis showed that the key regulatory factors of IMP synthesis may be that both novel_circ_0013580 and novel_circ_0013588, which are derived from the same parent gene, can bind to novel_409 and act on the target gene GART at the same time. The detection results of 6 circRNA and 6 miRNA qRT-PCR were consistent with the results of whole transcriptome sequencing. In conclusion, the differential expression of circRNA in thoracic and leg muscle of Jingyuan chicken is related to the specific deposition of IMP, which provides reference information for the study of the molecular mechanism of specific deposition of IMP in muscle tissue of local chicken breeds.Keywords：Jingyuan chicken;inosine monphosphate;whole transcriptome;circRNA;regulatory network6|9|2<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to reveal the molecular mechanism related to the synthesis and secretion of royal jelly in the mandibular glands(MGs)of nurses, specimens(3-day-old worker bees(3 d), 10-day-old nurses(10 dN), 10-day-old foragers(10 dF), 21-day-old nurses(21 dN)and 21-day-old foragers(21 dF))were collected from an established bee colony. The content of 10-hydroxy-2(E)-decenoic acid(10-HDA)was detected in the MGs of worker bees with five different functions by high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)and genes closely related to the synthesis and secretion of royal jelly were analyzed comprehensively in the MGs at the transcriptional level. The results showed that: The content of 10-HDA in the MGs of worker bees increased gradually with the increase of age. The content of 10-HDA in the MGs of 21 dN/F were both significantly higher than that of 3 d(P<0. 05), but 10-HDA content of foragers was higher than that of nurses with corresponding age; RNA-seq revealed that the expression of 46 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)in the MGs of 10 dN was significantly higher than those of 3 d, 10 dF and 21 dF, and also those DEGs in the MGs of 21 dN was significantly higher than that of 21 dF; GO and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that up-regulated DEGs were mainly enriched in fatty acid metabolism and energy metabolism, suggesting that the MGs of nurses might increase fatty acid metabolism and energy metabolism to stimulate the synthesis of related fatty acids during the production of royal jelly. In summary, the variation trend of 10-HDA in MGs of worker bees with different performances was determined without the influence of age, and 46 DEGs associated with the secretion of royal jelly were identified, which provide a great deal of valuable information for further elucidating the molecular mechanism underlying the production of royal jelly, and also will provide a new perspective for studying the function of MGs in hymenoptera insects.Keywords：Apis mellifera ligustica;nurses;mandibular glands;synthesis and secretion of royal jelly;10-HDA;same age3|11|2<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Aiming at the problem of poor antinoise ability and low accuracy in traditional endpoint detection method in pigs audio signal recognition, an improved EMD-TEO(Teager energy operator of empirical mode decomposition)cepstrum distance of endpoint detection method was applied to the pig audio signal endpoint detection. The characteristic parameters of two pigs audio signal endpoint detection were studied. The simulation results show that: 1)Compared with EMD-TEO and cepstrum distance endpoint detection method, when the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)of Gaussian white noise is higher than that of EMD-TEO and cepstrum distance endpoint detection method, the signal-to-noise ratio(SNR)of Gaussian white noise is higher than that of emd-teo and cepstrum distance endpoint detection. When SNR is -5 dB, the accuracy rate of the improved algorithm is 84. 725%, which is 9. 857% and 16. 403% higher than the first two endpoint detection algorithms, respectively. When SNR is 10 dB, it is still better than the other two algorithms; 2)When the SNR of the background noise is 10 dB, the accuracy rate of the improved endpoint detection for pig audio signal reaches 90. 293%, which is respectively 4. 972% and 7. 932% higher than EMD-TEO and cepstrum distance endpoint detection algorithm respectively; 3)The improved algorithm has good endpoint detection effect for different types of pig audio signals. In conclusion, the improved EMD-TEO cepstrum distance endpoint detection algorithm can achieve high accuracy and robustness in the low SNR environment.Keywords：pig audio signal;EMD;TEO;cepstrum distance;endpoint detection1|9|1<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to deeply understand the key technologies of stem and leaf vegetable harvester, the research results of stem and leaf vegetable harvesting technologies in domestic and overseas were respectively analyzed by combing the literature review and summarizing. The results show that: 1)In the disorderly harvesting technology of vegetables, centralized harvesting technology has been advanced in overseas and relevant models in China exist some problems such as low universality and low automation. The research of selective harvesting technology has been still low level and it is less efficient than the centralized harvesting technology. 2)In the orderly harvesting technology of vegetables, the flexible clamping conveying mechanism and orderly laying device are the key. The movement law of vegetables and low damage flexible clamping laying technology are heart of the matter. Low damage conveying technology and orderly laying technology are research emphasis. For the requirement of vegetable harvesting machinery, the developing strategies proposed in this study including optimizing the design of the mechanical structural and universal vegetable harvester, integrating mechanical systems with electrical control technology to improve the automation system of vegetable harvester, further strengthening relevant research on the effective identification of vegetables and end-effector mechanism to improve efficiency, studying the physical characteristic of stem and leaf vegetables, and developing low-disturbance harvester cutting technology and adjustable low-damage conveying technology.Keywords：stem and leaf vegetable;harvesting machinery;disorderly harvesting technology;orderly harvesting technology16|16|11<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：The plug seedling pick-up technology is the key technology of the automatic transplanter for vegetable plug seedlings. Fast, accurate and low-injury seedling pick-up are important guarantee for the automatic transplanting of vegetable plug seedlings. The automatic seedling pick-up mechanisms are complex in structure and diverse in variety. In order to enable the application or scientific research personnel in the field of automatic transplanting to quickly and systematically understand the current seedling pick-up technology, rationally select or design the seedling pick-up mechanism, the methods of literature review and induction were used to study the automatic seedling pick-up technology at home and abroad. The classification and comparative analysis of seedling pick-up techniques showed that: The ejector type and ejector-clamp type seedling pick-up mechanism have simple structure, high efficiency and low injury rate; Finger-clamp type seedling pick-up mechanism is stable, reliable and adaptable; The vertical-dropping type seedling pick-up mechanism is flexible in layout, which can complete seedling pick-up and seedling throwing at the same time, but special trays are required, which is only suitable for small seedlings. At present, the main problems facing the development of automatic seedling pick-up technology in our country are as follows: The mismatch of plug making, seedling raising, and seedling pick-up, etc. ; Part-time and aging vegetable production labors are serious; Lack of high-performance seedling pick-up technology. Combining the research progress of automatic seedling pick-up technology at home and abroad and the agronomy and status quo of vegetable production in our country, countermeasures were put forward in this study. Suggestions were put forward for the development of seedling pick-up technology by increasing in seedling pick-up speed and reduce plug seedlings injury rate; paying equal attention to simple and intelligent development, developing towards machine-electric-hydraulic-pneumatic integrated large transplanter and mechanical small transplanter and designing of seedling pick-up mechanism modular.Keywords：vegetable;plug seedling;transplanting;automatic transplanter;seeding pick-up technology8|10|10<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To explore the potential of reducing emissions and increasing efficiency of crop-farm animal production system, the latest greenhouse gas inventory guidelines were adopted. The pathways and calculation methods for greenhouse gas emissions and soil carbon sequestration in crop-farm animal production system were developed. Based on the latest greenhouse gas inventory guideline the greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions and SOC stocks from 2009 to 2018 were analyzed and evaluated. The results showed that: 1)From the aspect of GHG emissions, the total GHG emissions of the crop-farm animal production system of HLRA showed a trend of increasing, and then kept steady after a decline. The total emissions in 2018 was 2. 48×1010 kg. The carbon emissions from straw burning, carbon emissions from major materials, and CH4 emissions from rice cultivation were the main sources, which accounted for 84. 87% of the total. 2)From the aspect of SOC stocks, the cumulative change of SOC stock by maize and soybean crop straw and root input were respectively 2. 15×109 and 1. 53×108 kg. However, the cumulative change of SOC stocks by dairy cattle, beef cattle, layer, broiler and swine manure input were -1. 43×108, -5. 46×107, -2. 67×106, 2. 26×106 and -9. 68×107 kg, respectively. 3)In recent years, the net GHG emissions of the crop-farm animal production system of HLRA increased, and the economic benefits declined. Based on the results, increasing the ratio of comprehensive utilization of crop straw and manure resources, establishing a third-party centralized processing center, and preventing straw burning and direct disposal of untreated manure are recommended in this study. To promote SOC stocks, the suitable types and amount of organic material inputs need to be studied, and researches on agricultural machinery efficiency improvement need to be developed.Keywords：greenhouse gas emissions;Heilongjiang Land Reclamation Area;crop-farm animal production system;SOC stocks6|8|9<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to quickly get the regional land use characteristics and describe the urban and rural land use differences, this study adopts object-oriented method for image segmentation, and USES unsupervised classification algorithm combining membership function and decision tree methods to classify the land use of Zhuozhou City based on Sentinel-2 image data, and selects the different directions of urban-rural gradient belt to analysis the characteristics of land use. The results show that the overall accuracy of the classification method is 93. 7%, the Kappa coefficient is 0. 892, and the classification accuracy is relatively high. Based on the classification results, it is found that Zhuozhou's land use types are mainly farmland and urban and rural residential land, while the proportions of natural ecological space such as forest land, grassland and water body are relatively low. The spatial distribution shows an obvious urban-rural gradient characteristics. The cultivated land is concentrated in the southeast, south and west directions 4-7 km away from the city center. The overall distribution of urban and rural residential areas is scattered, with certain clustering characteristics within 3, 5, and 8-9 km from the city center. It is suggested Zhuozhou should optimize the layout of construction land according to the expected population size and land use agglomeration characteristics, improve the intensity of intensive utilization of construction land, and increase the proportion of ecological space such as forest land, grassland and water body.6|14|6<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to improve the prediction precision of soil organic matter, the dry farming area of Huang-Huai-Hai was studied, three methods, cloud genetic BP neural network, BP neural network and GABP neural network were used to compare the prediction accuracy of soil organic matter in different soil layers. The results showed that: 1)The data distribution of soil organic matter values in different soil layers displayed different degrees of right deviation compared with the normal distribution. The peak was steeper and the two tails were more widely distributed, which belong to the medium degree of variation. 2)All the semi-variance function models of soil organic matter in different soil layers were exponential models. The influence of structural factors and random factors on the spatial variability of soil organic matter in different soil layers in the study area were basically the same, and the spatial distribution tends to be fragmented. 3)The BP neural network combined with cloud model and genetic algorithm improved the prediction precision of soil organic matter in 0-10, 10-20, 20-30 cm soil layers, but not in 30-40 cm soil layer, which might be caused by the variation coefficient of soil organic matter in 30-40 cm soil layer exceeding a certain range. The results can provide a reference for improving the prediction accuracy of soil organic matter, and a basis for further adjustment of cultivated land management measures and improvement of soil quality.Keywords：cloud genetic model;BP neural network;soil organic matter;Huang-Huai-Hai dry farming area7|10|1<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Grazing intensity directly affects the stability and development of grassland ecosystems. The accurate and rapid assessment of grazing intensity is critical for sustainable management of grassland ecosystems. To study the grazing intensity of alpine grassland by remote sensing interpretation, the alpine grassland in Hejing County, Xinjiang Province of China was selected as study region. An aboveground biomass(AGB)model was established firstly by using the field AGB samples collected from July to August 2013 and the normalized vegetation index(NDVI)from MDOIS13Q1 in 2013. Based on the results of this proposed model, the grazing intensity of the alpine grassland was then estimated by analyzing the annual NDVI time series at a 16 d interval during the past 10 years of 2008—2017. Interpretation of the alpine grassland grazing start-stop time was conducted by analyzing the classification of NDVI variation characteristics combined with ΣNDVI value of grazing intensity. The results showed that: 1)The NDIV-based polynomial model displayed the best performance to estimate the AGB for the alpine grassland(y=523. 21 NDVI2-82. 8 NDVI+55. 84, R2=0. 732 9, P<0. 000 1)had the best accuracy; 2)The start of summer grazing in the alpine grassland was from June 9 to June 26. The result was almost consistent with the survey data on the actual grazing time. 3)The grazing intensity was determined reasonably by analyzing the accumulative NDVI(ΣNDVI), the frequency and magnitude of NDVI fluctuations in the growing season. Compared with the grazing intensity judged in the field, the accuracy verification reached 89. 47%. A grazing intensity grading standard was established for the alpine grasslands which was used to generate a grazing intensity map for the study area. This study provided references for using the multi-temporal remote sensing images to quickly monitor the grassland grazing intensity and make reasonable management.Keywords：grazing intensity;vegetation index;aboveground biomass;Hejing County;alpine grassland4|11|2<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：Based on the requirement of soil water and nutrient improvement of new cultivating farmland of Loess Plateau in Yan'an, Shaanxi Province, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC-Na)was selected as soil amendment. Field experiments were conducted. Five treatments, CK(0 kg/hm2), T1(CMC-Na 100 kg/hm2), T2(CMC-Na 500 kg/hm2), T3(CMC-Na 1 000 kg/hm2)and T4(CMC-Na 2 000 kg/hm2), were designed to investigate their effects on soil water content, soil electric conductivity and soil nutrient. The results were shown as follows: 1)Applying CMC-Na had a great effect on soil water content and increased soil water content to 21. 3%-120. 9% when soil water content was less than 16. 3%. While there were no significant differences among treantments when soil water content was more than 16. 3%. 2)The soil electric conductivity gradually decreased with millet growing season in new cultivating farmland, but the decreasing trends were different among treatments. The main influence factor of soil electric conductivity was soil nutrient. 3)Applying CMC-Na mainly affected soil available nutrient more than the total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium, and raised available phosphorus and potassium. The lower amount of CMC-Na application in T1 and T2 improved nitrate in soil and the higher amount of CMC-Na application of T3 and T4 reduced nitrate in soil. The CMC-Na application no effect on soil pH. 4)The millet yield were respectively increased by 6. 4% and 7. 5% in T1 and T2 and it was reduced yield in T3. In conclusion, the CMC-Na application increased soil water contend, promoted plant nutrient absorption and raised millet yield. It can be used as soil amendment for new cultivating farmland in Loess Plateau and the recommended application rate is 100 kg/hm2.Keywords：Loess Plateau;new cultivating farmland;soil improvement;sodium carboxymethyl cellulose2|12|7<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To understand the current progress of researches on the applicaiton of constructed wetlands to decontaminate waster water from livestock and poultry breedingr, “constructed wetlands”, “livestock and poultry breeding wastewater”, “pollution from livestock and poultry”, “nutrient elements”, “heavy metal”, “antibiotics” and “antibiotics resistance genes” were taken as keywords. The relevant literature published from 2007 to 2020 were searched by using databases including ISI web of knowledge, SpringerLink, China National Knowledge Internet, Wanfang Database, summarized and analyzed. The results showed as follows: 1)Constructed wetlands can effectively remove nutrients, heavy metals, antibiotics and antibiotics resistance genes(ARGs)in livestock and poultry breeding wastewater; 2)The application of constructed wetlands for treating livestock and poultry breeding wastewater is still in the development stage, and they have considerable application prospect, but the removal mechanism of contaminants by constructed wetlands still needs further research; 3)It is also found that the comprehensive removal capacity of contaminants by constructed wetlands and evaluation of operational efficiency of constructed wetlands are research directions in the future. The research could provide theoretical reference for the applicaton of constructed wetlands to treat livestock and poultry breeding wastewater.Keywords：livestock and poultry breeding;wastewater;constructed wetlands;nutrient elements;heavy metal;antibiotics3|11|4<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to study the influence of institutional capacity on villagers' decision-making behavior of water environment governance under the background of overall implementation of river length system, the study adopted the micro-survey data of 610 villagers in Shaanxi and Henan provinces and used the double-pitched model to conduct empirical analysis in three dimensions of institutional capacity including knowledge resource, relational resource and mobilization capacity. The results showed that: 1)Farmers had a strong willingness to participate in rural water environment governance. 78% of the sample farmers were willing to participate, and their willingness to pay ranges from 200. 08 to 259. 57 yuan per household per year. 2)Among the variables of knowledge resources, reward and punishment rules and rule enforcement had a significant positive impact on farmer's willingness to participate and the degree of participation in water environment governance. 3)Among the variables of relationship resources, the relation between cadres and masses had a significant positive effect on the willingness of farmers to participate in water environment governance, and the importance attached to farmers' contributions had a significant positive effect on their willingness and degree to participate in water environment governance. 4)Among the variables of mobilization ability, the level of water management expertise possessed by the village committee or river chief had a significant positive impact on farmers' willingness and degree of participation in water environment governance. the organizational mobilization ability within the village notably had a positive effect of the willingness of farmers to participate in water environment governance, and the ability to obtain resources outside the village had a significant positive impact on the degree of farmer's participation in water environmental governance. Based on the outcomes from this study, it was recommended to strengthen the organizational mobilization and external resource acquisition ability in the village, and improve the external trust level, internal sense of responsibility and sense of belonging of farmers, and turn trust, recognition and cooperation into the power sources in the long-term mobilization of rural public affairs governance.Keywords：water environment treatment;institutional capacity;participation of villagers;Double Hurdle model1|8|2<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To investigate the effect of urbanization on agricultural land-use intensity and its mechanism, using the data of 31 provinces(The data do not include those of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan regions)from 1995 to 2018, this study analyzes the impact of urbanization on four indicators of agricultural land-use intensity, including multiple cropping index, fertilizer use intensity, grain output per unit area, and carbon emission intensity of crop production, and analyzes the mediation effect of land scale, urban expansion, urban population, resident consumption level, and urban-rural income gap. The results show that: 1)Urbanization has land scale effect, labor substitution effect and demand pull effect on agricultural production, which in turn affects agricultural land-use intensity. In general, urbanization has a positive impact on fertilizer use intensity and grain yield per unit area, but has no significant impact on multiple crop index and carbon emission intensity. 2)Urbanization can promote the expansion of land scale, which can increase multiple cropping index, reduce fertilizer use intensity and carbon emission intensity, without affecting the grain yield. Urbanization causes the relative scarcity of agricultural labor force, which leads to the substitution of other inputs for labor force, and the decline of multiple cropping index. The increase in the level of residents' consumption has a positive impact on the four indicators of agricultural land-use intensity.4|10|9<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：To explore the internal correlation between rice farmers' green production behavior, industrial organization mode selection and income, the CMP model with instrumental variables was used to analyze the main influencing factors of rice farmers' industrial organization mode selection based on the survey data of 1 487 samples in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Anhui and Hubei provinces of China's main rice production areas. Furthermore, the propensity score matching method was used to study the income effect of different industrial organization modes. The results showed that: Firstly, rice farmers mainly chose market trading mode, while a few of them chose vertical coordination mode and horizontal cooperation mode. In terms of the proportion of vertical coordination mode and horizontal cooperation mode, Heilongjiang's proportion was the highest, followed by Jilin and Anhui while Hubei recorded the least, which has exhibited certain spatial differences. Secondly, green production positively promoted rice farmers to choose the vertical coordination mode and horizontal cooperation mode, but had negative influence on the traditional market transaction mode. Thirdly, compared with the traditional market trading mode, rice farmers choose the vertical coordination mode and horizontal cooperation mode to increase the rice income level by 15. 9% and 5. 3%, respectively. Therefore, in order to promote the development of industrial organization mode and ensure the continuous increase of farmers' income, it is necessary to increase the promotion of green production technology, explore the profit space of both sides from multiple angles, and increase the closeness of each other to establish a comprehensive and in-depth cooperative relationship.Keywords：industrial organization mode;green production;income effect;CMP model1|9|5<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
- Abstract：In order to explore the mitigation effects of social capital and labor mobility on farmers' multi-dimensional poverty, based on the survey data of farmers in the Qinba mountain areas, an empirical analysis of the impact of social capital and labor mobility on farmers' multi-dimensional poverty is conducted based on the estimation of multi-dimensional poverty of farmers. The effect of labor mobility in the impact of social capital on farmers' multi-dimensional poverty is also explored. The results show that: 1)The rural households mainly exists in the aspects of health, education and living standards and other welfare; There is a relatively serious poverty phenomenon, which is when k=3, the incidence of multi-dimensional poverty of rural households is as high as 93. 0%. 2)The social capital, social network, and social participation display significant negative impact on farmers' multidimensional poverty; The social capital has a significant positive impact on labor mobility, which can effectively promote the mobility of farmers' labor; labor mobility is in social networks, social trust, and social prestige. There is also a negative partial mediation effect in the process of affecting farmers' multi-dimensional poverty by social participation, which indicates that labor mobility has an mediating effect in the process of social capital affecting farmers' multi-dimensional poverty. Therefore, it is recommended to improve the family welfare of farmers from a multi-dimensional perspective, play the role of social capital and labor mobility in poverty reduction, and effectively promote the effective connection of poverty alleviation and rural revitalization.Keywords：social capital;labor mobility;farmers;multi-dimensional poverty1|8|3<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2024-02-27
