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- Abstract：In order to investigate the effect of heterogonous endosperm on wheat seed germination and seedling growth, the endosperm replacement method(wheat seed endosperm was cut and replaced by the same or different varieties' endosperm)was adopted to analyze and compare the agronomic characters and growth rate of wheat seedlings. The results showed that the germination of the embryo with exogenously active endosperm from the same or a different variety was not influenced and the development of the seedlings was slower compared with normal seeds. Although the seeds of the replacement inactivated heterospermic endosperm could germinate, the growth of the seedlings was delayed and its growth was obviously weak. After the 3 leaves unfolded, the growth of wheat seedlings with heterogonous endosperm was the same as or faster than that of normal control seedlings, and the individual characteristics and yield at the mature stage were not significantly different from those of normal controls. Therefore, the wheat seed endosperm could be replaced with different varieties. After the replacement, the material flow between embryo and endosperm as well as the seedling growth rate were slowed down, but not significantly inhibited.Keywords：wheat;seed;endosperm replacement;interaction between embryo and endosperm;regulation of endosperm5|16|1<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：Soil organic carbon(SOC)pool is important for improving soil quality and crop productivity as well as for climate change mitigation. Crop residue returning(RR)is considered as sustainable agriculture technology with high efficiency and environmental protection. Therefore, understanding the effect of RR on SOC is of great significance to establish a suitable carbon pool management strategy and to realize the SOC sequestration potential. This study aimed to reveal the effects of RR on SOC and to determine the SOC sequestration influencing factors in China's croplands. Based on peer-reviewed papers from 1992-2018, a meta-analysis was conducted to assess the effects of RR on SOC. The results showed certain differences in SOC contents under RR. Specifically, RR significantly increased SOC contents by 14. 6% in the Eastern China, which was the highest value in all regions(P<0. 05). And 7. 7% increment of SOC was observed in the Central China, which was the lowest value in all regions(P<0. 05). In addition, the significant effects of RR on SOC were noted in Northwest and Southwest China, which were more than the national average(12. 1%, P<0. 05). Less effects were observed in Northeast and North China than the national average. The responses of SOC contents to RR in different soil depths were highly variable. RR significantly enhanced SOC by 11. 2% in 0-10 cm soil depths, but only increased by 3. 9% in 40 cm soil depth and below(>40 cm, as deep as 100 cm)(P<0. 05). Besides, the mean annual temperature, nitrogen fertilization, land-use type and consecutive years of RR were observed to change the responses of SOC contents to RR. Notably, RR can significantly increase SOC content, optimized RR based field management practices with suitable tillage practices(no-till, plow tillage and rotary tillage), suitable experimental duration(6 -10 a)and low nitrogen fertilizer input(120-240 kg/hm2)can enhance the SOC sequestration potential.Keywords：climate change;residue returning;soil organic carbon;meta-analysis;carbon pool management45|35|34<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：In view of the problem of environmental pollution and cost increase caused by excessive nitrogen fertilization application of double-cropping rice, field experiments on nitrogen gradients of different varieties were conducted in Jiangxi in 2019. Digital camera was used to measure images of early rice canopy, and different color parameters and characteristics of the nitrogen nutrition indexes of early rice were investigated. A monitoring model of nitrogen nutrition for early rice was established. The results showed that the differences of color parameters of images under the same nitrogen fertilizer treatment of different varieties were small. The digital image parameters at jointing stage were sensitive to nitrogen nutrition indexes. The model construction results showed that the model constructed between INT and the nitrogen nutrition indexes(R2)had the largest coefficient of determination, and the model displayed the best prediction effect with R2 of 0. 895 7 and 0. 924 7, respectively. At the same time, the results of multiple regression analysis and BP neural network analysis confirmed that the prediction results were good. The results obtained from prediction tests showed that the variety has little effect on the construction of the model. The leaf nitrogen content(LNC)model constructed with BP neural network analysis and the leaf nitrogen accumulation(LNA)regression model constructed with INT as the sensitive color parameter had the best effect, while the multiple regression analysis method had poor result. In conclusion, the early rice canopy RGB color space sensitive parameters have a good correlation with nitrogen nutrition indicators, which meets the needs of nitrogen nutrition non-destructive monitoring and diagnosis.Keywords：image;early rice;nitrogen nutrition;RGB color space;monitoring7|18|8<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：To find the bionic prototypes used to designing superhydrophobic surfaces with anisotropic properties, the anisotropic superhydrophobic wettability of slippery zone in Nepenthes pitcher was measured via a contact angle meter. The morphology/structure of the slippery zone was examined via a scanning electron microscope and a scanning white-light interferometer to obtain their structure parameters, and the influence mechanism of structure characteristics on anisotropic superhydrophobic wettability was analyzed. The results show that: The contact angle of water droplet on the slippery zone is(155. 07±1. 14)°, and the sliding angle of the slippery zone toward pitcher in bottom and up are(2. 88±0. 45)° and(5. 40±0. 31)°, respectively. The slippery zone is covered by a large number of lunate cells with micron-scaled structure parameters, and their both ends bend toward pitcher bottom to form a crescent-shaped profile with an asymmetrical convex surface. Plenty wax coverings are densely and continuously distributed on the slippery zone. It appears as discernible platelet-formed wax crystals with an irregular pattern and nano-scaled structure parameters overlapping with each other to form plenty of distinguishable cavities. The wax coverings depend on their cavities to trap air and become an important factor to make the slippery zone present superhydrophobic wettability. Lunate cell's slope and precipice structure make the rolling of water drops displaying different degrees of difficulty at slippery zone, resulting in the anisotropic superhydrophobic wettability of slippery zone.Keywords：engineering bionic;anisotropic superhydrophobicity;sliding angle;slippery zone;lunate cell4|12|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：In order to investigate the effects of different culture substrate depths and substrate bag arrangements on the yield, quality, nutrient absorption and substrate nutrient utilization of tomato. Tomato variety ‘Burberry' was used as the material, and the substrate depths were set to 7. 5, 10. 5 and 13. 5 cm, respectively. The tomato seedlings were cultivated on the surface of ground and in ground subsidence depth of 20 cm. There were six treatments designed. The growth, yield, quality and nutrient absorption of tomato were determined. The results showed that substrate depth had significant effects on tomato yield and fruit quality; The effect of substrate bag arrangement on tomato yield was not significant, but the contents of soluble protein, lycopene, nitrate and organic acid in fruit were significantly affected. There was significant interaction between the substrate depth and the substrate bag arrangement on tomato nitrate content. With the increase of substrate depth, tomato yield and quality were significantly improved. When the substrate depth was 13. 5 cm, the yields of the tomato were the highest(3. 83 kg/plant). The substrate bag's arrangement and substrate depth had significant effects on the accumulation of P and K in flowering stage, initial fruit stage and full fruit stage of tomato. The depth of the substrate had a significant effect on the absorption of N in flowering stage, initial fruit stage and full fruit stage of tomato. There was significant interaction between substrate bags arrangement and substrate depth on the cumulative uptake of N, P and K in tomato plants at flowering stage and initial fruit stage. The N, P, K nutrient utilization efficiency of the substrate was the highest in the 13. 5 cm substrate depth, and there was no significant difference in the nutrient utilization efficiency of the substrate under different substrate bags arrangement. Therefore, to achieve labor-saving cultivation with high yield and high quality, it is recommended that the substrate depth of tomato should be set to 13. 5 cm(substrate supply is 9 L/plant)and ground placement should be carried out in actual production in spring.Keywords：tomato;bag culture;substrate depth;substrate bag arrangement;fruit yield and quality;nutrient uptake5|13|5<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：To investigate the effects of SCFAs on the mRNA expressions of related genes in Ca2+ signaling pathways in the rumen epithelial cells of dairy cow, three groups were divided, which were wild BRECs group, wild BRECs with 20 mM SCFAs group and GPR41 KO BRECs with 20 mM SCFAs group, respectively. After culture of 24 h, the total RNA was extracted from the collected cells. qRT-PCR was employed for analysis of mRNA expression and intracellular Ca2+ concentration of the Ca2+ signaling pathway-related genes. The results showed that PLCB2(P<0. 01)and IP3R1(P<0. 05)were significantly up-regulated after the addition of 20 mM SCFAs in the wild-type BRECs. SCFAs also increased the concentration of intracellular Ca2+ but had no significant difference(P>0. 05). There was no significant difference in the mRNA expression levels of PLCE1, PLCL1, PKCB and PKCG(P>0. 05). Additionally, after the GPR41 was knocked out, the mRNA expression of IP3R1 was significantly down-regulated(P<0. 05). The mRNA expression levels of PLCE1 and PLCB2 were significantly upregulated(P<0. 01). Intracellular Ca2+ concentration showed a decreasing trend but showed no significant difference(P>0. 05). There was no significant effect on PLCL1, PKCB and PKCG(P>0. 05). In conclusion, SCFAs could regulate the expressions of related genes and the release of Ca2+ in the BRECs by activating its receptor GPR41.Keywords：rumen epithelial cells;short chain fatty acids;G protein-coupled receptor;calcium ion2|9|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：In response to the request of the third national land survey of “Find out the natural resource background”, the new round of grading factors for arable land quality needs to include arable land resources that are not put into use, do not reflect the actual quality, but have development potential and potential quality. The standard farming system is an important parameter for calculating the quality of cultivated land. This study systematically proposes a method for determining the standard farming system from the perspective of the background of cultivated land resources, and updates the definition, principles, methods and results of the standard farming system to better serve the new round of cultivated land classification. Based on the climatic resources background of the cultivated land and the ecological suitability of the crops, the quantitative model method, GIS spatial analysis method, and qualitative evaluation method are used for zonal consolidation and standard farming system determination. The research results are as follows: 1)Through the establishment of the spatial relationship between geographic and climatic elements, the distribution of hydrothermal resources nationwide after terrain correction and optimization is obtained. 2)According to the division criteria of muti-cropping system, the national potential cropping system spatial distribution under different hydrothermal resources is obtained. 3)Based on the differences in cropping system and crop ecological suitability, 12 standard farming system first-level areas and 51 standard farming system second-level areas are further divided. 4)Combined with the advantages of crop cultivation and agricultural development trends, a standard farming system with a focus on cropping system and crop composition configuration in different sub-regions is determined. Based on the resource background and crop ecological suitability as the starting point, a national standard farming system has been established. Compared with the previous round, it can more objectively reflect the typical farming methods that can maximize the potential of land production under the conditions of resource endowment in various regions. As a “benchmark” for regional land use, it can meet the needs of future agricultural development.Keywords：arable land;the third national land survey;productivity grading;standard farming system;zoning scheme3|10|2<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：To explore the impact of urbanization and agricultural production on the environmental quality of black soil, the heavy metal accumulation characteristics and its potential ecological risk in Haigou watershed, a small mollisol watershed in Heilongjiang Province in Northeast China was investigated. The health risk was then analyzed by using US EPA model. The results showed that: 1)The average contents of heavy metals were Cu 16. 334 mg/kg, Zn 70. 684 mg/kg, Hg 0. 063 mg/kg, As 0. 05 mg/kg, Pb 24. 486 mg/kg, Cd 0. 213 mg/kg, Ni 21. 775 mg/kg and Cr 49. 649 mg/kg. The single factor pollution index, Nemero pollution index and terrestrial accumulation index all indicated heavy metals were accumulating and aggregating in soil, among which Hg and Cd pollutions were more serious. 2)Er, the single-factor ecological risk index, showed that 45. 59% and 47. 06% of samples were in medium and strong Hg risk class, respectively. And 60. 29% and 39. 71% of samples were in the risk of Cd pollution. RI, the comprehensive ecological risk index, demonstrated 69. 12% samples were in intermediate risk level, which showed potential ecological hazards and Cd and Hg were the major contributors. 3)The health risk assessment indicated exposure of oral intake was more likely leading to carcinogenic or non-carcinogenic risk. There was no non-carcinogenic risk and whileCr, Cd and Ni could lead to carcinogenic risk.Keywords：cultivatedland;heavy metal pollution;potential ecological risks;health risks;mollisolwatershed8|11|14<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：Based on 342 plant distribution data and 29 environmental factors(14 meteorological factors, 12 soil factors and 3 topographic factors)related to plant suitability in Hunshandake sandy land, the potential of plant communities in this area is simulated at 30 m fine spatial scale by using maximum entropy model and GIS spatial analysis technology. The results show that: 1)AUC values are all above 0. 883 indicating that the prediction effect of the model has reached a good standard. 2)The main contributions to plant suitability are annual precipitation, accumulated temperature, elevation, surface soil pH in KCl, atmospheric dryness, atmospheric pressure and clay content. 3)In the positive succession from flowing sandy land to fixed sandy land, the content of soil clay and soil pH in KCl decreased gradually, the cation exchange capacity of soil increased gradually, the demand for precipitation of corresponding habitat plants increased continuously, and the demand for accumulated temperature decreased gradually. 4)Agriophyllum squarrosum and Salsola collina are suitable for growing in most areas of Zhenglanqi sandy land, with an area of 9 463. 53 km2. Salsola ruthenica and Cleistogenes squarrosa communities are distributed in sandy land except mobile sandy land, with an area of 8 551. 13 km2. Sanguisorba officinalis and Triglochin palustre distribute in the floodplain with an area of 761. 17 km2. Salix gordejevii, Caragana korshinskii, Hedysarum mongolicum and Astragalus adsurgens distribute in the leeward slope of semi-fixed sandy land and shady slope of fixed sandy land with an area of 3 387. 56 km2. Ulmus pumila and Populus trees are mostly suitable for the eastern region because of the influence of the southern Daxingan Mountains and the northern Yanshan Mountains.Keywords：sandy land species;space distribution;multiple linear regression kriging;maximum entropy model;suitability7|12|4<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：Based on remote sensing data and climate data, the vegetation net primary productivity of typical desert grassland from 1987 to 2016 in Siziwang Banner was measured by CASA model. The spatio-temporal variation of NPP and its correlation with climate factors such as annual temperature and yearly rainfall were analyzed. The results showed that: 1)The annual mean value of NPP was 144. 52 g/(m2·a)(C)during the period. The zonal distribution of vegetation type was obviously different, showing high southeast and low northwest in space; 2)The annual change of vegetation NPP was obvious and the range of fluctuation was in 3. 09-3. 69 Tg(C), which showed an increasing trend from 1987 to 2016 in Siziwang banner; 3)There was a significant positive correlation between vegetation NPP and annual temperature and yearly rainfall, and a higher correlation coefficient between vegetation NPP and yearly rainfall, indicating that precipitation was the main climatic factor affecting vegetation NPP in desert steppe. The investigation of the spatial and temporal distribution of NPP and its relation with climate factors in desert grassland helped to understand the response of terrestrial ecosystem to climate change in desert grassland.Keywords：vegetation net primary productivity;climatic factors;CASA model;Siziwang Banner8|18|6<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：In order to study the cultivated land change and benefit evaluation system after the comprehensive land consolidation of the whole area in West Sichuan Plain, Ranyi Town in West Sichuan Plain was taking as study example. On the basis of field investigation and sufficient collection of the basic data in the research area, a logical framework for the evaluation of the comprehensive land consolidation effect in West Sichuan Plain was constructed. The changes in the area, shape and distribution characteristics of cultivated land before and after the comprehensive land consolidation in Ranyi town were measured by ArcGIS spatial analysis software. The effects of the comprehensive land consolidation model in the whole area of Ranyi Town from the perspective of land transfer and production efficiency, farmers' operating income, transfer and employment of rural surplus labor and the promotion of Urbanization were explored. The results showed that: 1)Through comprehensive land improvement, the total area of cultivated land in Ranyi town increased by 14. 60%, but the number of cultivated land patches dropped by 64. 21%, and the average patch area and the concentration of patches increased. Besides, with the square pixel index decreasing from 0. 08 to 0. 03, the shape of cultivated land patches tended to be regular; 2)The main source of increasing cultivated land is the “Linpan”, which is consisted of rural homestead and its surrounding forest land. With the decreasing of “Linpan” area, the proportion of forest land in urban and rural construction land decreased from 51. 82% to 17. 72%; 3)The agricultural mechanization cultivation rate and land scale management rate was increasing significantly, which effectively prevented the scattered farmland from marginalizing; 4)The comprehensive land improvement project in Ranyi Town improved the efficiency of farmland utilization and the income level of farmers, and promoted the transfer of rural labor force and the improvement of local urbanization level, which showed good social and economic benefits. 5)The implementation of comprehensive land consolidation projects should be adapted to the local conditions. The regional natural resource endowment conditions and socio-economic development conditions should be taken into consideration.Keywords：comprehensive land consolidation of the whole area;cultivated land;evaluation of effects;“Linpan” of West Sichuan Plain3|12|8<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：To study the effects of vegetation temporal and spatial changes, climate change and human activities on vegetation changes, the spatial and temporal changes of vegetation and climate factors on the Loess Plateau were investigated by the time-section difference analysis and trend analysis methods. Hurst index was used to explore the sustainability of the NDVI pattern in the study area. In addition, the correlation analysis and multiple regression residual analysis were also used to explore the contribution of climate change and human activities on regional vegetation changes. The results showed that: 1)The vegetation cover was high in southeast but low in northwest of the study area. There was a slight increase of the NDVI during 1982-2015, with a breakpoint in year 2000 showing a rapid increase of the NDVI after 2000; 2)The Hurst index results indicated that the persistent and anti-persistent regions of the NDVI trend in the future were 13. 70% and 86. 30%, respectively; 3)Based on the correlation analysis and partial correlation analysis, further study showed that temperature and precipitation both had significant influence on the NDVI, and the combined impact of the two factors was even stronger; 4)Based on the residual analysis, the human activities were also shown to have impact(either positive or negative)on vegetation changes. Overall, both the climate change and human activities affected the vegetation changes on the Loess Plateau from 1982 to 2015, and the major impact factor was human activities. The contributions of climate factors(temperature and precipitation)on vegetation change and the non-meteorological factors(mainly referring to human activities)were 4. 56% and 32. 74%, respectively.Keywords：the Loess Plateau;NDVI;human activities;trend analysis;meteorological factors8|11|17<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：Based on CiteSpace, this study uses data visualization as the main means to draw scientific knowledge maps, analyzes and summarizes the research status and development trend of ecological compensation for heavy metal pollution in farmland in China from 2001 to 2018. The results show that: 1)On the whole, China's research in this field starts relatively late. The related research first appears on 2001. The number of publications can be roughly divided into four stages, which are slow growth, decrease, rapid growth and fluctuation decline. Core researchers and institutions have not yet formed. 2)The research hotspots mainly focus on topics such as ecological compensation, heavy metal pollution, pollution prevention and ecological civilization. Pollution prevention plays a fundamental role in the whole research. The hotspot keywords first appeared are mainly on 2013-2017. 3)The research themes display diversified characteristics, including three research themes of “Heavy metal pollution”, “Legal system research” and “Compensation mechanism research”. 4)In the future, the combination of national policies, the research on the theory, methods and practice path of agricultural heavy metal pollution ecological compensation still need further exploration and development.Keywords：farmland;heavy metal pollution;ecological compensation;CiteSpace6|13|2<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：In order to explore the optimal seed drying technique and improve the drying efficiency while insure the vigor of seed, heat pump combined with ultrasound and soybean seeds was taken as study case. The effects of drying at different temperatures(28, 32, 36 and 40 ℃)and ultrasonic powers(0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 W)on the drying kinetics, physicochemical properties and germination performance were investigated. The physicochemical properties included the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD), peroxidase(POD)and catalase(CAT), and the content of malondialdehyde(MDA). The germination performance included germination percentage, mean germination time and germination index. The results showed that the increase of drying temperature and ultrasonic power accelerated the seed drying rate, shortened the drying time significantly(P<0. 05), and increased the effective moisture diffusion coefficient Deff from 3. 035×10-11 m2/s to 11. 394×10-11 m2/s. The activity of antioxidant enzyme SOD decreased with the increase of temperature, and increased as the ultrasonic power increased initially and decreases afterwards. The activities of POD and CAT increased first and then decreased with both drying temperature and ultrasonic power. The optimum drying conditions of SOD, POD and CAT activity were 28 ℃+100 W, 36 ℃+100 W and 36 ℃+150 W, respectively. The content of MDA increased significantly with an increase in temperature(P<0. 05), and decreased with the application of ultrasound at high temperature. The ability of seed germination decreased with an increase in drying temperature, while increased first and then decreased with the increase of the ultrasonic power. In conclusion, the optimum drying condition of the germination index was 28 ℃+100 W.Keywords：soybean seed;drying kinetics;ultrasonic;physicochemical properties;germination performance2|10|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：In order to effectively transform the fungus residue and solve the problem of rice yellowing during the substrate utilization of fungus residues, experiments on the substrate utilization of fungus residue were carried out. The physical and chemical properties of the fungus residue were analyzed and ferrous sulfate solution was used to soak the rice seeds. The results showed that although the content of organic matter, water-retention property and available nutrients from the wastes were beneficial to rice seedling and raising substrate, high salt concentration, partial alkalinity, and low specific gravity became the negative effects for using as a seedling substrate. The rice seedlings that cultivated on the fungus-resided substrates appeared the yellowing phenomenon, which was caused low effective iron content is the fungus residues. The iron-deficient yellowing phenomenon could control by dosing ferrous sulfate but this treatment alsoinduced plant height elongation. A mixed seed soaking solution of 0. 014 mol/L ferrous sulfate(Fe2+)and 0. 051 mmol/L paclobutrazol at 20 ℃ for 3 days could effectively control the yellowing phenomenon of rice seedlings and the length of plants. Under the mixed seedling substrates of the fungus-resided wastes and paddy soil at 1∶1 ratio, the rice seeds dosed with ferrous sulfate and paclobutrazol developed to strong mechanical transplanting rice seedlings.6|12|4<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：In view of the unreasonable of rural energy consumption structure and the low level of energy consumption, this study investigates the current situation of rural energy development and utilization mode in China by using the National Bureau of statistics method to divide China rural areas into four regions, which are the eastern, central, western and northeast regions. The results show that: 1)In recent years, the rural energy industry in China has shown a good trend; 2)The development and utilization modes of rural energy in different geographical locations such as thernst, the central, the western and the northeast regions are different, diversified energy use in the eastern region has, improved rural power grid projects and increased the use of new energy in the central and western regions, and vigorously developed solar energy to solve the problem of heating in winter in the northeast region; 3)There are some problems existed in the rural energy system in China, such as backward promotion, backward development of infrastructure and backward policies. Due to different living habits, the economic development level and historical development reasons in different regions, there are great differences in resource endowment and rural energy supply and demand structure in different regions. In conclusion, developing and utilizing rural energy according to local conditions, improving rural energy infrastructure network, and transforming local resource advantages into economic and industrial advantages are the main driving forces to solve the problem of rural energy utilization.Keywords：rural energy;rural revitalization strategy;rural energy consumption;rural energy supply5|17|7<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：In order to study the influence of promotion on the purchase decision of consumer for brand agricultural products under the background of long-term promotion and aggregation promotion, 1 260 consumers behavior data obtained from the real situation of “consumers purchase eggs” were used. An empirical analysis using Double-Hurdle model was conducted. The results showed that price promotion improved consumers' willingness to buy brand agricultural products. However, due to the perishable characteristics of agricultural products, the effect of price promotion on the purchase quantity was not significant. The brand loyalty of consumers weakened the influence of price promotion. In conclusion, brand agricultural production enterprises could improve consumers' cognition and recognition of brand by means of promotion, but it is more important to increase consumers' purchase through improving product quality.Keywords：price promotion;brand agricultural products;Double-Hurdle model;brand loyalty;situational experiments4|9|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：To explore the impact of the target price subsidy policy on cotton production in Xinjiang, and to understand the response of cotton production to sale prices and target price subsidies, an expanded Nerlove model was established based on the panel data of cotton production and the prices information from 20 cotton producing counties in Xinjiang over the past 10 years. The target price subsidy was introduced in the model, and system GMM estimation method was employed to study the Xinjiang cotton supply response and the main influencing factors under the policy. The results showed that: The target price subsidy had a positive impact on the cotton sown area with an elasticity coefficient of 0. 068; The cotton sales price of the previous period had a positive effect on the cotton sown area with short-term price elasticity of 0. 627 and long-term price elasticity of 4. 834; The cotton sown area of the previous period had a positive effect on the cotton sown area, and the elasticity coefficient was 0. 870; The cotton production cost and price of cotton substitute crop in the previous period had a negative impact on the cotton sown area, but the results did not pass the significance test; Agricultural water consumption had a negative impact on cotton sown area, and the results also did not pass the significance test; The time trend variable had a negative impact on cotton sown area, which might be the negative effect of Xinjiang's agricultural industry policy of vigorously developing fruits in recent years. The research showed that the expected profit of cotton planting was the first factor that affects the cotton farmers' planting decision. The cotton farmers determined the expected profit of cotton planting based on the cotton sales price and target price subsidy of the previous periods and determine the cotton sown area. The adjustment of planting was relatively slow, and the planting decision was greatly affected by the early stage, and the production and planting situation could not be adjusted in time according to the market change. In the long run, the development of cotton sown area in Xinjiang is likely to continue to decline due to the dual constraints of water resources management policies and fruit development.Keywords：cotton sown area;supply response;target price policy;price fluctuations3|9|2<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：Using the stochastic fontier input distance function and based on the provincial statistical data from 1994 to 2017, the paper analyzed the fertilizer input efficiency and its spatial and temporal distribution of state-owned farms in reclamation areas. The results showed that: 1)The average fertilizer input efficiency of state-owned farms was 0. 485, indicating there was serious inefficient use of fertilizer and fertilizer reduction potential was huge; 2)In the time dimension, the fertilizer input efficiency of state-owned farms showed an overall trend of decreasing. In the spatial dimension, the fertilizer input efficiency of state-owned farms showed an unbalanced pattern of east < central < west and the pattern of south < north; 3)The input intensity of fertilizer in state-owned farms was much higher than that of other producers and operators, and there was a strong negative correlation between the input intensity of fertilizer and the input efficiency.Keywords：state-owned farms;fertilizer input efficiency;time and space distribution2|10|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
- Abstract：Based on the data of key state-level agricultural industrialization leading enterprises from 2013 to 2015, the total factor productivity(TFP)of all prefecture-level cities in China were measured and regional comparison was performed. The relevant factors affecting the TFP of China's agricultural enterprises were analyzed. The results showed that: Firstly, overall total factor productivity of all the cities in China varied little from 2013 to 2015. Secondly, from the perspective of provinces, the total factor productivity of agricultural enterprises was significantly different, and only some provinces showed an increasing trend in total factor productivity. From the perspective of city, the spatial difference of total factor productivity of agricultural enterprises in each city was large, but the total factor productivity ranking didn't change much. However, there were not many companies with total factor productivity above the medium and high level. Thirdly, from the perspective of factors that affect the total factor productivity of agricultural enterprises in China, the impact of R&D investment, factor intensity and firm size on total factor productivity of China's agricultural enterprises were positive, and the export of enterprises did not promote the productivity of agricultural enterprise.Keywords：agricultural enterprises;total factor productivity;regional comparison;OP method2|11|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
