“Horse melanoma is one of the common skin tumors in horses, mainly occurring in gray haired horses. Some lesions may have local infiltration or distant metastasis, affecting the normal function and animal welfare of horses. This article introduces its research progress in the field of diagnosis and treatment. Experts have established a surgical resection combined with local cisplatin treatment system, explored cutting-edge topics such as laser, immunotherapy, and molecular targeting, and provided solutions to the problems of inconsistent clinical efficacy standards and limited treatment methods, laying the foundation for the construction of a standardized diagnosis and treatment system for horse melanoma.”