“The rise of paleogenomics has brought about many key discoveries, sorting out the existing controversies over the origin and spread of domesticated horses, providing theoretical support for clarifying domestication mechanisms, and providing reference and inspiration for the protection and utilization of horse germplasm resources and subsequent cutting-edge research. The research progress in the field of horse domestication origin is introduced, and relevant experts explore the topics of domestication centers and diffusion pathways, providing solutions to the controversy over the origin mode of domesticated horses.”