Gene Editing
- The Paper
-monitoring ground heat flux with a simplified multi-needle heat-pulse technique
Abstract：In order to simplify the multi-needle heat-pulse technique for measuring ground heat flux, a simplified heat-pulse sensor for monitoring ground heat flux dynamics under field conditions was proposed in this study based on the theory and design criteria of heat pulse technique. The simplified sensor first measured the heat storage changes in the 0~50 mm soil layer and the soil heat fluxes at the 50 mm depth, and then obtained the dynamic ground heat flux via the sum of heat storage changes and fluxes. Finally, the field data measured by the sensor were compared with the data obtained by the traditional combination method(based on de Vries heat capacity model and heat flux plate method). The results showed that the simplified multi-needle heat-pulse sensor could provide reliable in-situ dynamics of ground heat flux density results. Compared with the results from the independent combination method, the linear regression of the results obtained from the two methods gave a slope of 1. 09 and a coefficient of determination of 0. 98, leading to a MAD value of 12. 33 W/m2 for the measured ground heat fluxes by the simplified sensor. In conclusion, the simplified sensor proposed in this study is effective in monitoring ground heat flux dynamics accurately and can provide reliable research tools for studying the heat and water processes.Keywords：ground heat flux;heat storage;multi-needle heat-pulse technique;combination method22|28|1
<HTML><L-PDF><Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22Effect of straw returning and increasing nitrogen of tillering fertilizer on rice yield and nitrogen uptake and utilization in cold region
Abstract：To clarify the impact of straw returning to the field and increasing nitrogen fertilizer application on rice yield and nitrogen uptake and utilization in cold regions, a two-factor fully randomized pot experiment was designed. Rice yield, nitrogen accumulation, nitrogen production efficiency, and nitrogen utilization efficiency were measured under four different treatments including straw leaving the field(S1), returning to the field(S2), conventional nitrogen(N1)and tillering fertilizer increasing nitrogen treatments(N2). The results showed that: Under S2 condition, the biological yield and grain yield of rice respectively decreased by 3. 18% and 3. 90%, and the nitrogen accumulation and spike nitrogen increase respectively decreased by 9. 34% and 6. 48%, respectively. Nitrogen dry matter production efficiency and nitrogen rice production efficiency respectively increased by 6. 87% and 6. 34%. Under the condition of returning straw to the field, the biological yield and yield under the treatment of tillering fertilizer and nitrogen respectively increased by 4. 60% and 4. 38%. Compared with those under the conventional nitrogen application, the nitrogen accumulation and the increase of nitrogen spike respectively increased by 13. 69% and 11. 69%, and the nitrogen dry matter production efficiency decreased by 7. 98%. Compared with S1, the agronomic utilization efficiency, absorption utilization efficiency, and partial factor productivity of nitrogen in S2 respectively decreased by 8. 54%, 15. 77% and 3. 93%. The physiological utilization efficiency increased by 9. 52% compared to that of straw removed from the field. The effect of the interaction between the two factors of straw return and tiller fertilizer nitrogen increase on nitrogen agronomic utilization, absorption utilization and bias productivity reached a highly significant level. Under the condition of returning straw to the field, the nitrogen utilization efficiency of conventional nitrogen application increased by 5. 53% compared with that of tiller fertilizer, and the absorption utilization efficiency and partial factor productivity did not change significantly. Therefore, the tiller fertilizer nitrogen enrichment(N2)under straw return(S2)conditions could significantly increase nitrogen accumulation and spike nitrogen content, significantly improve nitrogen agronomic use efficiency, and thus increase biological yield and rice yield. It is an effective technical approach to achieve high yield and efficient use of nitrogen fertilizer in cold regions of rice.Keywords：rice in cold region;straw return;tillering fertilizer increase nitrogen;nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate22|34|3<HTML><L-PDF><Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22Effects of drip irrigation amount on water variation characteristics of soil and water use efficiency of maize
Abstract：The aim of this study was to determine the appropriate amount of drip irrigation for spring corn planting in the central and western regions of Inner Mongolia. Based on the long-term positioning experiment started in 2018 conducted by the experimental base of the Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, six different drip irrigation treatments, 312(W1), 645(W2), 945(W3), 1 275(W4), 1 605 m3/hm2(W5)and rain-fed without irrigation(W0), were designed to determine the soil water characteristics in 0-60 cm soil layer at different growth periods of maize and the yield differences in 2019 and 2020. The results showed that: With the increase of drip irrigation amount, the water consumption of maize increased gradually during the whole growth period, and the economic yield increased first and then decreased. The utilization efficiency of irrigation water decreased gradually with the increase of drip irrigation amount. The yield and water use efficiency of W4 were better than those of other treatments. The maximum economic yield of maize reached 16 952. 9 kg/hm2 in 2019 and 16 802. 84 kg/hm2 in 2020. Among all treatments, the yield of W4 treatment was the highest in both years. The economic yield of W4 treatment in 2019 was significantly higher than that of other treatments, and the economic yield of W4 treatment in 2020 was 77. 2% and 7. 3% higher than that of W0 and W5 treatment, respectively. The water use efficiency of W4 was significantly higher than that of W5 treatment in 2019, which ranked the third place among all treatments. In 2020, maize in W4 treatment had displayed the highest water use efficiency among all treatments, which was significantly higher than that of W0, W1 and W5 treatments. In conclusion, the 1 275 m3/hm2 drip irrigation can effectively improve spring maize yield and the water use efficiency in the central and western regions of Inner Mongolia.Keywords：drip irrigation;corn;water consumption;yield;water use efficiency36|34|5<HTML><L-PDF><Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22Agricultural information access from internet and farmers' adoption of socialized service of agricultural machinery
Abstract：To solve the problem of whether the use of rural internet can effectively promote the development of agricultural mechanization, based on the micro data, an OLS model is used to estimate the impact of farmers' access to agricultural information through the internet on their adoption of the socialized service of agricultural machinery. The instrumental variable method and the treatment effect model are used to control the endogenous. A variety of robustness tests and heterogeneity analysis are carried out. The results show that: 1)The relationship between access to agricultural information through the internet and the adoption of socialized service of agricultural machinery by farmers is negative. The coefficients obtained by using two different methods to control endogenous are -2. 3 and -1. 8, respectively; 2)Heterogeneity test shows that the coefficients between internet information access and agricultural machinery service outsourcing adoption are not significant in the sample of elderly farmers and small-scale farmers; 3)The mechanism test shows that internet information acquisition has a significant promotion effect on farmers' self-purchase of agricultural machinery. Internet information acquisition inhibits farmers' adoption of the socialized service of agricultural machineryg, but promotes farmers purchase agricultural machinery by themselves. There is a deeper digital gap between obtaining information through the internet and benefit from internet information.Keywords：the socialized service of agricultural machinery;internet information;agricultural mechanization;farmers' adoption15|26|4<HTML><L-PDF><Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22Preliminary study on the regulation of fertility traits by miR-370-3p targeting43gene in sheep thyroid gland
Abstract：To explore the potential function of miR-370-3p associated with reproductive function and its targeting relationship with COL4A3 in the thyroid tissue of Small Tail Han(STH)sheep, this study predicted the target genes of miR-370-3p using the miRDB website and Targetscan website, and took their intersections for functional enrichment analysis, and the binding site of sheep miR-370-3p to candidate target genes were predicted by the RNAhybrid and Targetscan website. Subsequently, the relative expression levels of miR-370-3p and COL4A3 in the thyroid tissue of STH sheep were detected. The psiCHECK2-COL4A3-3′UTR wild-type(WT)/mutant-type(MT)Dual- luciferase reporter vectors were constructed, and co-transfected with miR-370-3p mimics/ mimics NC into HEK293T cells to detect fluorescence activity. The results showed that: 1)The target genes of miR-370-3p were enriched in progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation, oocyte meiosis, HIF-1 signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, mTOR signaling pathway, Ras signaling pathway, FoxO signaling pathway, and other signaling pathways related to animal reproduction. 2)RT-qPCR results showed that the expression of miR-370-3p and COL4A3 in the thyroid tissue of STH sheep showed an opposite trend. 3)The luciferase activities of co-transfected psiCHECK2-COL4A3-3′UTR-WT and miR-370-3p mimics were significantly lower than co-transfected psiCHECK2-COL4A3-3′UTR-WT and miR-370-3p NC mimics group, co-transfected psiCHECK2-COL4A3-3′UTR-MT and miR-370-3p mimics group, co-transfected psiCHECK2-COL4A3-3′UTR-MT and miR-370-3p mimics NC group(P<0. 05). There was no significant difference among the other three groups(P>0. 05). The above results indicated that miR-370-3p targets and binds COL4A3-3′UTR and inhibits its transcriptional activity, suggesting that miR-370-3p can target binding to COL4A3-3′UTR region, providing a basis for further studies on the molecular mechanism of miR-370-3p affecting sheep thyroid function and sheep fertility.Keywords：sheep;miR-370-3p;COL;4;A;3;thyroid gland;high fertility31|27|3<HTML><L-PDF><Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22Study on the cross compatibility of persimmon varieties
Abstract：In order to screen high-affinity persimmon hybrid parental combinations, a total of 19 hybrid combinations were designed with 4 excellent sweet persimmon varieties as female parents and 8 persimmon specific male germplasms(varieties)as male parents, and artificial control cross pollination was carried out. The compatibility of hybrid parents was analyzed by counting the fruit setting rate and the number of seeds obtained at 8 weeks after flowering of each hybrid combination, and the immature embryo of immature seeds was rescued by embryo rescue tissue culture. After obtaining hybrid F1 seedlings, the female and male and sweet and astringent traits were identified by molecular markers. The results show that: 1)There were significant differences in pollen viability among the 8 male parents, among which, the pollen viability of the wild male plant(Male 8)carrying the Chinese persimmon gene was the strongest, reaching 90. 38%, and the in vitro germination rate was 45. 89%. The pollen viability of monoecious ‘Nishimurawase' was the worst, its germination rate was only 35. 29%. 2)The pollen of male 8 and ‘Taishuu' could germinate normally on the stigma of ‘Youhou', ‘Fuyu' and ‘Luotian-tianshi'. 3)The compatibility of different hybrid combinations was significantly different. The fruit setting rate and compatibility index of ‘Youhou' × Male 8 hybrid combination were the highest, which were 48. 39% and 1. 56, respectively. The fruit setting rate and affinity index of the hybrid combination of ‘Fuyu' × ‘Nishimurawase' were the lowest, which were 5. 53% and 0. 05, respectively. 4)The immature seeds were cultured by embryo rescue tissue culture, and 705 in total hybrids were obtained. After early identification of female and male and sweet and astringent molecular markers, a total of 359 female plants and 346 male plants, 363 complete sweet persimmons and 342 incomplete sweet persimmons were identified, of which 181 were female plants that met the breeding objectives. This study provided a theoretical guidance and material basis for cross breeding and new germplasm innovation of sweet persimmon.Keywords：persimmon;hybrid offspring;parent selection;affinity;affinity index20|32|3<HTML><L-PDF><Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22Screening of candidate genes related to Tibetan cashmere fineness and verification of the relationship between chi-miR-105a target genes
Abstract：In order to study the cashmere fineness of Tibetan cashmere goats and understand the effects of related candidate genes on cashmere production performance of cashmere goats, this study verified the screening of chi-miR-105a target genes. Taking Tibetan cashmere goats as the research object, RNA sequencing data and proteomics data were combined to screen key candidate genes related to cashmere fineness, and the regulatory effects of candidate genes were verified by real-time fluorescence quantification and dual luciferase reporter gene assay. The results showed that: 1)384 DE mRNAs, 12 DE miRNAs and 29 DEPs were obtained from transcriptome and proteome data. Through multi-omics joint analysis, it was found that CXCL10, SRC, CXCL9, FOS, ETV6, GMPS, PIP5K1B genes were associated with wool fineness. 2)Through the DEG-DE miRNA interaction network diagram, it was found that chi-miR-105a and target genes ETV6 and PIP5K1B appeared in the network. Therefore, the regulatory factor was verified and analyzed. According to the target gene expression level test, it was found that the mRNA expression of ETV6 gene in dermal papilla cells was significantly decreased after transfection of chi-miR-105a mimics(P<0. 001), while the expression of PIP5K1B gene was not significantly changed. 3)Double luciferase reporter gene assay showed that ETV6 enzyme activity was significantly decreased after overexpression of chi-miR-105a, that is, chi-miR-105a could bind to the 3′UTR region of ETV6. In summary, CXCL10, SRC, CXCL9, FOS, ETV6, GMPS and PIP5K1B related to wool fineness were screened by multi-omics combined analysis. The target of chi-miR-105a and its predicted target genes ETV6 and PIP5K1B was verified by dual luciferase reporter gene, and chi-miR-105a was identified as a potential regulator of ETV6. This study provided a theoretical basis for accelerating the cultwation of new varieties(lines)of high-quality cashmere goats.Keywords：Cashmere goats;joint multi-omics analysis;chi-miR-105a;ETV;624|25|2<HTML><L-PDF><Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22Dynamic changes of plasma progesterone and expression of HPO axis PGR in Ganjia Tibetan sheep during estrus cycle
Abstract：To study the secretion of plasma progesterone(P4)and the expression of progesterone receptor(Progesterone receptor, PGR)in the HPO axis of Ganjia Tibetan sheep(Ovis arise)during the estrus cycle, and to analyze its regulatory effect on the reproductive activity of Tibetan sheep, in this study, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), Western blotting, Real-time fluorescence quantification and immunohistochemistry staining were used to detect the dynamic changes of progesterone in plasma of Ganjia Tibetan sheep during estrus cycle and the expression and distribution of PGR mRNA and its protein in HPO tissues. The results showed that: 1)The secretion of progesterone in the plasma of Ganjia Tibetan sheep showed fluctuating and pulsed secretion during the estrus cycle, with the highest value in diestrus and the lowest in estrus, with significant differences(P<0. 05). 2) PGR mRNA and its protein were expressed in HPO tissues. In hypothalamus, the relative expression level of PGR mRNA and its protein was the highest in diestrus, significant differences among different periods(P<0. 05). In pituitary, PGR mRNA reached the highest in metestrus, which was significantly higher than that in proestrus and diestrus(P<0. 05), and the relative expression level of proestrus protein was higher than that in other periods. Among the ovaries, PGR mRNA was the highest in estrus, which was significantly different from that in diestrus(P<0. 05), and the protein expression level was the highest in proestrus. 3)PGR immune reactive products were expressed in hypothalamic glial cells and large neuronal bodies, in the cytoplasm of eosinophils and basophils in adenohypophysis, and in the cytoplasm of granular layer cells, theca cells and luteal cells of growing follicles in ovaries. In summary, the dynamic changes of plasma progesterone content and the differential expression of PGR mRNA and protein in the HPO axis indicate that progesterone regulates the periodic estrus and reproductive organ function of Ganjia Tibetan sheep during the estrus cycle by binding to PGR receptors distributed on the reproductive axis of HPO.Keywords：Ganjia Tibetan sheep;progesterone;progesterone receptor;estrus cycle;hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary axis17|27|2<HTML><L-PDF><Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22Optimization and experiment of an air-suction mung bean precision seed-metering device
Abstract：In order to improve the precision performance for mung bean seeding under the condition of high density planting, a new air-suction mung bean precision seed-metering device was designed in this study. Based on the physical characteristic parameters of mung bean seeds and the agronomic requirements of precision densety planting, the key structural and working parameters affecting the single-seed precision sowing of seed-metering device were determined. By taking ‘Chuanyu Lv No. 1' mung bean variety as research object, single factor test was carried out to explore the influence of working pressure, diameter and number of holes on seeding performance with the qualified rate, multiple rate and leakage rate as evaluation indexes. The structural and working parameters were optimized and verified by central composite design of three factors and five levels of quadratic orthogonal rotation center. The results showed that: The working pressure of 6. 234 kPa, hole diameter of 2. 255 mm and hole number of 60 are the optimal combination. The qualified rate of 98. 75%, multiple rate of 0. 58% and leakage rate of 0. 67% met the design requirements. The qualified rate was more than 97%, multiple rate was less than 1. 5% and leakage rate was less than 2% when the working speed was within 7 km/h. The qualified rate of different varieties of more than 97. 5%, the multiple rate of less than 1% and leakage rate of less than 2% met the technical requirements of mung bean precision sowing under the condition of high density planting and had good variety adaptability. This study provided reference for the design of precision metering device for dense planting of mung bean.Keywords：mung bean;air-suction type;densely-planted;seed-metering device;optimization29|31|4<HTML><L-PDF><Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22Regulatory status of GM and gene-edited crops at domestic and abroad
Abstract：In order to improve understanding of the global regulatory status of GM and gene-edited crops, biosafety management relevant articles since 2004—2022 from CNKI, Google Scholar, Web of Science and other websites were obtained. In this study, an overview of the regulatory framework for biotechnology in our country was presented. Comprehensively comparisons with regulations regarding GMO and gene-edited crops across different countries were then conducted. The results suggest that regulatory attitudes towards GM and gene-edited crops vary across countries. Rather than copying the experience of GMO management system, more and more countries have adjusted legislation or issued new regulations on gene editing technology. In 2022, the “Guidelines for Safety Evaluation of Gene-Edited Plants for Agricultural Use(Trial)” was promulgated in China, which promoted the commercialization of gene-edited plants. Finally, the commercialization of GMOs in China still has some problems such as complicated and time-consuming approval process. Based on the above findings, it is proposed that regulatory agencies and academic groups should strengthen exchanges, establish and improve safety management systems, and promote basic research towards practical applications.Keywords：agricultural biotechnology;crops;transgene;gene editing;safety assessment33|32|8<HTML><L-PDF><Meta-XML>Updated：2023-12-22
